Difference between Microscopic and PCR Examination Result for Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment Evaluation in Sumba Barat Daya, Indonesia.

Microscopic examination is the backbone of malaria diagnosis and treatment evaluation in Indonesia. This test has limited ability to detect malaria at low parasite density. Inversely, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect parasites at a density below the microscopic examination's detection limit.

Proteomic networks associated with tumor-educated macrophage polarization and cytotoxicity potentiated by heat-killed tuberculosis.

Local administration of attenuated mycobacterium has been used as a cancer treatment adjuvant to re-boost patient immune responses with variable clinical outcomes. We aimed to clarify the impact of attenuated heat-killed tuberculosis (HKTB) on tumor-associated macrophages which play critical roles in shaping immunological regulation in the tumor microenvironment. Upon HKTB stimulation, both primary macrophages derived from the peripheral blood of healthy subjects and from lung cancer patients as well as THP1-derived classically activated macrophages (Ms) and tumor-educated macrophages (TEMs) were polarized into the proinflammatory phenotype, as characterized by increased expression cluster of differentiation 86.

The effects of docetaxel and/or captopril in expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1, CTGF, and PAI-1 as markers of anterior urethral stricture in an animal model.

Background: Treatment of urethral trauma is currently done after urethral stricture occurs. Stricture therapy after occurrence gives unsatisfactory success rates. Several genes, such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), have a proven role in urethral stricture development.

The Role of Mannose-Binding Lectin Serum Level in Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common public health problem worldwide and a major cause of hearing impairment especially in developing countries. The role of Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL), a component of innate immunity, in CSOM has not been studied. The aim of the study was to examine whether MBL deficiency was more frequently present in cases group of tubotympanic CSOM patients rather than healthy subjects.

Isoniazid (INH) treatment of INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits infected macrophage to produce TNF-alpha.

Macrophages undergo apoptosis after infected by Mycobacterium tuber- culosis (M.tb), which is regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and has a direct correlation with killing of intracellular bacilli. In order to clarify the role of isoniazid (INH) in the modulation of macrophages apoptosis and intracellular bacilli replication, we performed the following studies using an INH-resistant clinical M.

The effects of oral plain kefir supplementation on proinflammatory cytokine properties of the hyperglycemia Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin.

Aim: to validate the effect of plain kefir on immune responses of hyperglycemia wistar rats induced by Streptozotocin.

Methods: the randomized pretest - posttest control group study design was conducted in male hyperglycemia Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were randomized into four groups: (1) STZ-induced group were given insulin treatment 0.

Relationship of angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and hypertension in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Aim: To evaluate the association between ACE gene polymorphism I/D and hypertension in Yogyakarta population.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional. Sample was taken by random sampling method from hypertensive, prehypertensve and normotensive subjects; from that were obtained 125 subjects, 97 subjects and 108 subjects, consecutively.

The role of CD4+ T cells in the induction of contact hypersensitivity to mercury in a murine model.

Background: The exact immunopathogenesis of contact hypersensitivity (CH) to mercury remains unclear.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of CD4+ T cells in mercury-induced CH in mice.

Methods: Splenic CD4+ T cells obtained from nonsensitized and mercury-sensitized Balb/c mice were adoptively transferred to groups I and II of the syngeneic recipients, respectively.

Interleukin-10 levels in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of interleukin-10 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Both biopsies and sera were obtained from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma as well as Epstein-Barr virus-seronegative patients as a control. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were classified using the World Health Organization pathological assessment and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.