Background: The contact factor XII (FXII) activates upon contact with a variety of charged surfaces. Activated FXII (FXIIa) activates factor XI, which activates factor IX, resulting in thrombin generation, platelet activation, and fibrin formation. In both in vitro and in vivo rabbit models, components of medical devices, including extracorporeal oxygenators, are known to incite fibrin formation in a FXII-dependent manner.
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