Second Trimester Fetal Loss Due to Infection: A Rare Cause of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM).

is a facultative anaerobic, motile, non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacillus, which belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Severe infections due to spp. have been reported in the urinary tract, respiratory airways, intra-abdominal organs, skin and soft tissue, eye, bone, bloodstream, and central nervous system.

Isolation and characterisation of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales from chickens in Southeast Nigeria.

Objectives: Resistance to colistin (CST) mediated by mobile genetic elements has had a broad impact worldwide. There is an intensified call for epidemiological surveillance of mcr in different reservoirs to preserve CST for future generations. In Nigeria, the poultry industry is a key livestock sector.

Daptomycin-resistant Staphylococcus pettenkoferi of human origin.

The importance of nosocomial infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci is constantly growing. The threat primarily affects immunocompromised patients, the elderly and neonates, particularly after invasive surgery. The problem is fundamentally exacerbated by expanding antibacterial drug resistance.

Could β-hemolytic, group B Enterococcus faecalis be mistaken for Streptococcus agalactiae?

A β-hemolytic Enterococcus faecalis strain agglutinating Lancefield group A, B, C, D, F, and G antisera was observed from a rectovaginal swab, in the context of antenatal screening for Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus [GBS]). This is the first multi-Lancefield antisera-agglutinating isolate of this species, and it raised particular concern, as it may mimic GBS, leading to false reporting and useless receipt of intrapartum antibiotics.

Liofilchem(®) Chromatic VRE and vancomycin MIC Test Strip detected glycopeptide resistance in a vanB neonatal Enterococcus faecium isolate showing alternate vancomycin susceptibility and resistance with bioMérieux Vitek2.

A 1-month old neonate urine sample yielded vanB Enterococcus faecium; nevertheless, the isolate alternatively showed susceptibility and resistance to vancomycin with bioMérieux Vitek2 (cards AST592, AST632, AST586), while glycopeptide resistance was detected by Liofilchem(®) vancomycin MIC Test Strip and disc along with the Chromatic VRE chromogenic medium. This communication emphasizes that, as vanB gene may be heterogeneously expressed within a given Enterococcus population, glycopeptide resistance may be missed when using automated systems for antibiotic susceptibility testing. We suggest therefore that vancomycin in vitro activity be studied on all clinical isolates through agar methods, including use of chromogenic media.

Successful off-label use of the Cepheid Xpert GBS in a late-onset neonatal meningitis by Streptococcus agalactiae.

We report the case of a late-onset neonatal meningitis by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus - GBS) that was diagnosed with a latex agglutination assay (on cerebrospinal fluid, CSF), as well as by using, for the first time, Xpert GBS (Cepheid, US) on CSF. Due to empirical antibiotics given before sampling, both CSF and blood culture were negative, so the abovementioned diagnostics was crucial. Moreover, the Xpert GBS assay, performed according to an off-label, modified protocol (the system is designed for GBS-carriage intrapartum screening, based on a completely automated real time-Polymerase Chain Reaction) quickly detected the organism's genome target.

Surgical wound infection by mannitol-nonfermenting Staphylococcus aureus after lumbar microdiscectomy.

Purulent infection of a surgical wound developed after discectomy, and a mannitol-nonfermenting Staphylococcus aureus isolate was cultivated as the etiologic agent. Nonfermenting S. aureus strains are exceedingly rare and may be erroneously mistaken and dismissed as contaminants.

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for CAMP-test.

CAMP test reliably detects Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) and Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS); it is traditionally performed streaking the tested isolate perpendicularly to Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), provided that reference Sa strains (that produce β-hemolysin) are used. In a zone of β-hemolysin activity, in fact, GBS and Lm form typical arrow-shaped hemolytic areas. While Sa production of the toxin is strain-dependent, however, that of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (Sp), a pet-owner colonizer and an emerging human pathogen, is constitutive, then observed in all clinical isolates.

Liofilchem(®) O.A. Listeria agar and direct CAMP test provided sooner Listeria monocytogenes identification from neonatal bacteremia.

Listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnant women and newborns is a cause for serious concern, and invasive disease outcome strongly depends on prompt antibiotic therapy. To provide sooner identification from neonatal bacteremia we performed a CAMP test directly on positive blood aliquots and inoculated the Liofilchem(®) O.A.

Beta-hemolytic, multi-lancefield antigen-agglutinating Enterococcus durans from a pregnant woman, mimicking Streptococcus agalactiae.

A beta-hemolytic Lancefield antigen A-, B-, C-, D-, F-, and G-positive Enterococcus durans strain was cultivated from the rectovaginal swab of a pregnant woman who underwent antenatal screening for Streptococcus agalactiae. The isolate raised concern as to what extent similar strains are misrecognized and lead to false diagnosis of group B streptococci.

Small colony variant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71 presenting as a sticky phenotype.

We first observed the phenomenon of small colony variants (SCVs) in a Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sequence type 71 (ST71) strain, isolated from a non-pet owner. Although we found that small-sized colonies share main features with Staphylococcus aureus SCVs, they nevertheless show a novel, particular, and sticky phenotype, whose expression was extremely stable, even after subcultivation.

Enterococcus hirae: a zoonotic microorganism in human umbilical cord blood.

Enterococcus hirae is rarely collected from man, while it is a common pathogen in mammals and birds. We describe the first isolation of the organism (strain DSM 27815) from human umbilical cord blood (UCB), thus emphasizing the risk of contamination of UCB units for clinical use. In this context, we also highlight the importance of an extensive training of the collecting personnel as to the observance of the disinfection protocol ensuring UCB units sterility.

Streptococcus agalactiae vaginitis: nonhemolytic variant on the Liofilchem® Chromatic StreptoB.

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) vaginal pathogenicity is not uniformly acknowledged throughout the literature; accordingly, in women, genital itching and burning, along with leukorrhea are commonly and almost exclusively referred to bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Conversely, GBS virulence for vagina was recognized in the past, as the organism has been observed to potentially cause local inflammation and discharge, as well as lactobacilli rarefaction. We depict here a case where a nonhemolytic (γ-hemolytic) GBS strain was found to be the etiologic agent of vaginal infection.

About a bloodstream Corynebacterium striatum isolate.

Corynebacterium striatum is often dismissed as a contaminant when cultivated from blood samples; indeed, it is a skin saprophyte that may therefore be introduced into the clinical specimen accidentally. Nevertheless, the organism can be responsible for true bacteraemias, and multidrug resistance spread among nosocomial strains is of increasing concern. Specific criteria for testing have not been defined yet, but we however suggest to report clear resistances (i.

CAMP test detected Staphylococcus delphini ATCC 49172 beta-haemolysin production.

Through a CAMP test, we first observed a Staphylococcus delphini strain (ATCC 49172) to release beta-haemolysin. Production of the latter in this coagulase-positive species of the 'Staphylococcus intermedius Group', in fact, has been labeled to be undetermined, thus far. Of course, a wider number of strains have to be investigated in order to define whether this property is constitutive (like in Staphylococcus (pseud)intermedius), or strain-dependent (like in Staphylococcus aureus), and which clinical impact it has; nevertheless, we can state that S.