Ergonomics of visual emergency signals.

Visual distress signalling devices should be designed for safe and efficient use by untrained persons under adverse operating conditions. Thus, Ergonomics/Human Factors information should be used intensively to optimise visual emergency signals (VES). Research was performed to assess the compliance with Human Engineering principles in existing VES.

Towards an objective assessment of the "maximal voluntary contraction" component in routine muscle strength measurements.

Routine measurements of muscle strength capabilities commonly use external dynamometers against which the subject exerts maximal voluntary contractions of muscles in static (isometric) tests. These tests require active cooperation of the subject, i.e.