The role of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK axis and osteopontin in acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), alongside osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio (ORR), and assess their association with the SYNTAX score and ascertain the potential of these molecules as predictive markers for risk, aiding in risk stratification. Eventually, they could potentially be employed even before angiography to gauge the severity of coronary lesions.

Methods: Prospective study with 147 participants, 101 (69%) were men, with an average age of 60.

Impact of Treatment with Antioxidants as an Adjuvant to Standard Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock: Analysis of the Correlation between Cytokine Storm and Oxidative Stress and Therapeutic Effects.

Cellular homeostasis is lost or becomes dysfunctional during septic shock due to the activation of the inflammatory response and the deregulation of oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy administered alongside standard treatment could restore this lost homeostasis. We included 131 patients with septic shock who were treated with standard treatment and vitamin C (Vit C), vitamin E (Vit E), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or melatonin (MT), in a randomized trial.

Mononuclear cells from patients with rhupus are influenced by TNF in their production of gp130/sIL-6Rb and APRIL.

Objective: Rhupus is a rare disease that shares characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While several studies have explored the clinical and immunological profiles of patients with rhupus, the underlying cause of the disease remains unknown due to its complex pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the production of inflammatory molecules by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with rhupus.

Two murine models of sepsis: immunopathological differences between the sexes-possible role of TGFβ1 in female resistance to endotoxemia.

Endotoxic shock (ExSh) and cecal ligature and puncture (CLP) are models that induce sepsis. In this work, we investigated early immunologic and histopathologic changes induced by ExSh or CLP models in female and male mice. Remarkable results showed that females supported twice the LD100 of LPS for males, CLP survival and CFU counts were similar between genders, high circulating LPS levels in ExSh mice and low levels of IgM anti-LPS in males.

Diagnostic Performance of Serum MicroRNAs for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Emergency Department.

Prompt diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is essential for initiating timely treatment. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of serum microRNAs in identifying an ischemic origin in patients presenting with chest discomfort to the Emergency Department.

Randomized Clinical Trial of Antioxidant Therapy Patients with Septic Shock and Organ Dysfunction in the ICU: SOFA Score Reduction by Improvement of the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System.

Background And Aim: Here, we assess the effect of adjuvant antioxidant therapies in septic shock patients with organ dysfunction and their effect on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.

Methods: Randomized clinical trial run between 2018 and 2022. One hundred and thirty-one patients with septic shock were included in five groups with 25, 27, 24, 26 and 29 patients each.

The molecular profile of the inflammatory process differs among various neurodevelopmental disorders with or without cognitive component: A hypothesis of persistent systemic dysfunction and hyper-resolution.

Introduction: Challenges of diverse origin in childhood can alter the growth and development of the central nervous system, affecting structures and functions. As a consequence of the damage suffered during the perinatal period, long periods of dysfunctionality may occur, such as regulatory disorders, which may result in remaining in a process of low-grade inflammation. We previously found that perinatal risks and neurological signs are associated with long-term changes in circulating concentrations of molecules of the inflammatory process, findings that are consistent with the postulate that long periods of dysfunction may condition long-lasting low-grade inflammation or parainflammation.

Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are associated with aberrant inflammatory circuits in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Introduction: Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are markers for several systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD).

Objective: To assess whether anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are related to abnormalities in inflammatory circuits.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of consecutive outpatients with SARD.

Deodorized Garlic Decreases Oxidative Stress Caused by Lipopolysaccharide in Rat Heart through Hydrogen Sulfide: Preliminary Findings.

Deodorized garlic (DG) may favor the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and promote the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (HS). The objective was to test if DG favors an increase in HS and if it decreases the oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat hearts. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 control (C), Group 2 LPS, Group 3 DG, and Group 4 LPS plus DG.

The prognostic importance of the angiotensin II/angiotensin-(1-7) ratio in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background: Information about angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Ang-(1-7) levels in patients with COVID-19 is scarce.

Objective: To characterize the Ang II-ACE2-Ang-(1-7) axis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection to understand its role in pathogenesis and prognosis.

Methods: Patients greater than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19, based on clinical findings and positive RT-PCR test, who required hospitalization and treatment were included.

Elevated Levels of Soluble CD147 are Associated with Hyperinflammation and Disease Severity in COVID-19: A Proof-of-Concept Clinical Study.

To evaluate soluble CD147 levels in COVID-19 and identify whether these are associated with hyperinflammation and disease severity. One-hundred and nine COVID-19 patients and 72 healthy blood donors were studied. Levels of CD147, matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and inflammatory markers were measured on hospital arrival, while the need for mechanical ventilation and the occurrence of death during hospitalization were recorded.

Usefulness of Easy-to-Use Risk Scoring Systems Rated in the Emergency Department to Predict Major Adverse Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

Background: Several easy-to-use risk scoring systems have been built to identify patients at risk of developing complications associated with COVID-19. However, information about the ability of each score to early predict major adverse outcomes during hospitalization of severe COVID-19 patients is still scarce.

Methods: Eight risk scoring systems were rated upon arrival at the Emergency Department, and the occurrence of thrombosis, need for mechanical ventilation, death, and a composite that included all major adverse outcomes were assessed during the hospital stay.

Circulating miR-146a as a possible candidate biomarker in the indeterminate phase of Chagas disease.

Background: Chagas disease is considered important and presents intense inflammatory and fibrotic processes induced by the perpetuation of the parasite in the affected tissues and organs. Therefore, it is necessary to inquire about the host defense and attack mechanisms to have a more detailed knowledge about Chagas disease. MicroRNAs are found in blood, tissues and extracellular vesicles.

High fructose exposure modifies the amount of adipocyte-secreted microRNAs into extracellular vesicles in supernatants and plasma.

Background: High fructose exposure induces metabolic and endocrine responses in adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs in extracellular vesicles are endocrine signals secreted by adipocytes. Fructose exposure on the secretion of microRNA by tissues and cells is poorly studied.

Alteration in the Lipid Profile and the Desaturases Activity in Patients With Severe Pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2.

The kidnapping of the lipid metabolism of the host's cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) allows the virus to transform the cells into optimal machines for its assembly and replication. Here we evaluated changes in the fatty acid (FA) profile and the participation of the activity of the desaturases, in plasma of patients with severe pneumonia by SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 alters the FA metabolism in the cells of the host.

Antioxidants and pentoxifylline as coadjuvant measures to standard therapy to improve prognosis of patients with pneumonia by COVID-19.

The type 2 coronavirus causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and produces pneumonia with pulmonary alveolar collapse. In some cases it also causes sepsis and septic shock. There is no specific treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Effectiveness and Safety of Extracorporeal Shockwave Myocardial Revascularization in Patients With Refractory Angina Pectoris and Heart Failure.

Extracorporeal shockwave myocardial revascularization (ESMR) is a therapy for refractory angina pectoris. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of ESMR in the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure as well as its effects on inflammation and angiogenesis. In this single-arm prospective trial, we included 48 patients with CAD, myocardial ischemia assessed by radionuclide imaging, echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction and without revascularization options.

Modification of Serum Natriuretic Peptide Profile and Echocardiographic Parameters After Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion/Resection During Mitral Valve Surgery.

Background: Being a well-recognised source of cardiac embolism, the left atrial (LA) appendage (LAA) is frequently excluded during mitral valve (MV) surgery. However, the LAA is also a source of cardiac hormones and a new drug (sacubitril), which beneficially interferes with hormonal imbalance during heart failure, leads to re-evaluation of the LAA for the maintenance of adequate hormone production in the heart. We compared the effects of LAA surgical resection/exclusion in patients with MV replacement (MVR) on natriuretic peptides (NPs) and related enzymes versus similar patients, in whom the LAA was preserved.

Activation Status of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Gout Flare.

Background/objective: Although gout flares are featured by systemic signs of inflammation, cellular sources of inflammatory mediators are not yet properly characterized. Our objective was to evaluate serum levels and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of several molecules associated with the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Methods: Fifteen patients with gout flare and 15 individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia were cross-sectionally studied.

RESECTION OF THE ATRIAL APPENDAGES AND ITS IMPACT IN THE NATRIURETIC HOMEOSTASIS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANIMAL MODEL IN AN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER.

Background: The left atrial appendage (LAAp) resection is an effective treatment approach to reduce the risk of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective: To study was to study the impact of removing atrial appendages in the production of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in conditions of volume overload and to develop an experimental model of LAAp resection.

Materials And Methods: In a swine model of ischemic heart failure (HF), serum NP levels were measured before (Basal-1A) and after (Basal-1B) a fluid overload.

The presence of rs12979860 C allele influences the in vitro IP-10 production by mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To explore whether the rs12979860 genotype may influence serum levels or production of interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Sixty-six patients with SLE and 22 healthy blood donors (controls) were included. The rs12979860 polymorphism was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Plasma let-7i, miR-16, and miR-221 levels as candidate biomarkers for the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Mexican patients naïve to anti-TNF therapy.

Novel biomarkers are needed for the diagnosis and clinical assessment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our objective was to investigate plasma microRNAs differentially expressed between AS patients and controls and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers in Mexican subjects. A cross-sectional study including 15 AS patients naïve to anti-TNF therapy and 13 controls was performed.

Levels of anti-Müllerian hormone in premenopausal women with the antiphospholipid syndrome and its association with the risk of clinical complications.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the ovarian reserve in premenopausal women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and to evaluate whether it is associated with cumulative organ damage or the risk of clinical complications.

Methods: This single-center study was conducted in 23 premenopausal female patients (10 with primary APS and 13 with secondary APS) and 24 healthy volunteers. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.