Capsular Polysaccharide Production in Bacteria of the Mycoplasma Genus: A Huge Diversity of Pathways and Synthases for So-Called Minimal Bacteria.

Mycoplasmas are wall-less bacteria with many species spread across various animal hosts in which they can be pathogenic. Despite their reduced anabolic capacity, some mycoplasmas are known to secrete hetero- and homopolysaccharides, which play a role in host colonization through biofilm formation or immune evasion, for instance. This study explores how widespread the phenomenon of capsular homopolysaccharide secretion is within mycoplasmas, and investigates the diversity of both the molecules produced and the synthase-type glycosyltransferases responsible for their production.

Virulence genes, resistome and mobilome of strains isolated in France.

is a leading cause of infection in pigs, causing extensive economic losses. In addition, it can also infect wild fauna, and can be responsible for severe infections in humans. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described in worldwide and most of the AMR genes are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of isolated from pigs, wild boars, and humans in France between 1994 and 2020.

an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes invasive infections and substantial economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance against 22 antibiotics was studied for 200 . strains collected in different geographical regions of France.

Interactions of and/or with Serotype 2 Using In Vitro Co-Infection Models with Swine Cells.

Bacterial and/or viral co-infections are very common in swine production and cause severe economic losses. , and are pathogenic bacteria that may be found simultaneously in the respiratory tracts of pigs. In the present study, the interactions of with epithelial and phagocytic cells in the presence or absence of a pre-infection with and/or were studied.

Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen .

is a zoonotic pathogen causing important economic losses in swine production. The most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry are tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and macrolides. Resistance to these antibiotics has already been observed worldwide (reaching high rates for macrolides and tetracyclines) as well as resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, amphenicols, and glycopeptides.

Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract.

Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the term "Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex" (PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections involving viruses such as swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine CircoVirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as bacteria like Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The clinical outcome of the various coinfection or superinfection situations is usually assessed in the studies while in most of cases there is no clear elucidation of the fine mechanisms shaping the complex interactions occurring between microorganisms.

Genomic polymorphism of Mycoplasma flocculare revealed by a newly developed multilocus sequence typing scheme.

Mycoplasma flocculare is genetically closely related to M. hyopneumoniae, the etiologic agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, and is frequently isolated with this second species. In this article, we report on the development of the first multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M.

Pathogenicity study of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. flocculare in specific-pathogen-free pigs pre-infected with M. hyopneumoniae.

Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae is the initiator agent of the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and the etiological agent of enzootic pneumonia. M.

Intra-Species and Inter-Species Differences in Cytokine Production by Porcine Antigen-Presenting Cells Stimulated by , , and .

and are commonly co-isolated with (primary agent of swine enzootic pneumonia) in gross pneumonia-like lesions, but their involvement in the disease process remains unknown. T cells play an immuno-pathological role during mycoplasmal infections. Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells involved in T cell activation and differentiation.

A new multiplex real-time TaqMan PCR for quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare: exploratory epidemiological investigations to research mycoplasmal association in enzootic pneumonia-like lesions in slaughtered pigs.

Aims: A new multiplex qPCR, targeting Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M.

Novel Streptococcus suis Sequence Type 834 among Humans, Madagascar.

Two cases of meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis occurred in Madagascar, 1 in 2015 and 1 in 2016. We report the characterization of the novel sequence type, 834, which carried the mrp+/sly+/epf+ virulence marker and a mutation G→T at position 174, leading to a substitution mutS1 to mutS284.

Quantification of Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected pigs using a real-time PCR assay.

The aim of the study was to quantify Pasteurella multocida in experimentally infected pigs using a new qPCR assay based on the sodA gene and validated with 35 P. multocida strains, including strains isolated from pigs with pneumonia, clinically healthy pigs (nasal cavities), and human infections. The specificity of the test was verified with a collection of 60 strains of bacterial species other than P.

Human meningitis due to Streptococcus suis in Lomé, Togo: a case report.

Background: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which represents the leading cause of meningitis in Southeast Asia and an emerging pathogen in the Western world, the main risk factor for infection being contact with pigs. In Africa, the prevalence of S. suis infections in swine and humans is largely unrecognized, with only one recent report of a limited case series.

Factors associated with herd-level PRRSV infection and age-time to seroconversion in farrow-to-finish herds.

Factors associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection were investigated in 109 herds. Serums from four batches of pigs (4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks, 15 pigs/batch) were tested by ELISA for PRRSV antibodies. Infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza A viruses (swIAV) and PCV2 were detected by specific serological or PCR tests.

Efficacy of combined vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in dually infected pigs.

Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is one of the main causes of economic losses for swine producers. This complex is due to a combination of different pathogens and their interactions. Two major pathogens involved in PRDC are Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Multilocus sequence typing of Mycoplasma hyorhinis strains identified by a real-time TaqMan PCR assay.

A real-time TaqMan PCR assay based on the gene encoding the protein p37 was developed to detect Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Its specificity was validated with 29 epidemiologically unrelated M. hyorhinis strains (28 field strains and one reference strain) and other mycoplasma species or with other microorganisms commonly found in pigs.

Development of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 and serovar 2.

Two real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 (highly related serovars with similar virulence potential) and serovar 2, respectively. The specificity of these assays was verified on a collection of 294 strains, which included all 16 reference A. pleuropneumoniae strains (including serovars 5a and 5b), 263 A.

National prevalence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli isolates from layer flocks in France.

Resistance of Escherichia coli to third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) in fecal samples representative of French egg production was studied. The susceptibility to cefotaxime of E. coli isolates obtained by culture on nonselective media was determined.

Infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study.

A study was carried out in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds to assess the relationships between pathogens involved in respiratory disorders and to relate these findings to clinical signs of respiratory diseases and pneumonia and pleuritis at slaughter. Clinical examination and sampling were carried out on four different batches in each herd (pigs aged 4, 10, 16 and 22 weeks). Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine influenza viruses (SIV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were detected by serological or PCR tests.