Preliminary evidence of biased attentional mechanisms and reward processing in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive-disorder (OCD) may have difficulties in using feedback from rewarding and punishing experiences to optimally guide future decisions. The current aim was to examine how adults with OCD use associative learning feedback to direct attention toward learned stimuli when the action-outcome contingency for those stimuli has changed. Participants first learned to select high-probability (over low-probability) rewarding stimuli and low-probability (over high-probability) loss stimuli.

Still lonely: Social adjustment of youth with and without social anxiety disorder following cognitive behavioral therapy.

Social experiences are an integral part of normative development for youth and social functioning difficulties are related to poor outcomes. Youth with anxiety disorders, and particularly social anxiety disorder, experience difficulties across many aspects of social functioning that may place them at risk for maladjustment. The goal of this paper was to compare social experiences of youth across anxiety diagnoses and examine whether treatment is helpful in improving social functioning.

Emotion-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth with Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Trial.

Difficulties with emotion regulation are a core feature of anxiety disorders (ADs) in children and adults. Interventions with a specific focus on emotion regulation are gaining empirical support. Yet, no studies to date have compared the relative efficacy of such interventions to existing evidence-based treatments.

A model-based cluster analysis of social experiences in clinically anxious youth: links to emotional functioning.

Social difficulties are commonly associated with anxiety disorders in youth, yet are not well specified in the literature. The aim of this study was to identify patterns of social experiences in clinically anxious children and examine the associations with indices of emotional functioning. A model-based cluster analysis was conducted on parent-, teacher-, and child-reports of social experiences with 64 children, ages 7-12 years (M = 8.

Insight in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The present study examined the clinical correlates of insight among adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One hundred and thirty treatment-seeking adults with a primary diagnosis of OCD, aged 18 to 68 years (mean 31.4 years) participated.

Relations between emotional and social functioning in children with anxiety disorders.

The current study investigated concurrent relations between emotional and social functioning in youth with anxiety disorders using a multi-reporter (i.e., children, parents, teachers) assessment strategy.

Phenomenology and correlates of insight in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that cause significant interference in an individual's life. Insight regarding symptoms in youth with OCD may affect accurate assessment, acceptance and motivation for treatment, tolerance of negative valence states (i.e.

Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a review for nursing professionals.

Topic: Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Purpose: OCD is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. Given that most children with OCD will initially be seen by nursing professionals in environments such as pediatrician offices, hospitals, and schools, increasing awareness of this disorder among nurses will likely facilitate early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.

Family emotion expressivity, emotion regulation, and the link to psychopathology: examination across race.

Research has established links between parental emotion socialization behaviours and youth emotional and psychological outcomes; however, no study has simultaneously compared these relations for White, Black, and Asian individuals. In this study, emerging adults identifying as White (n= 61), Black (n= 51), or Asian (n= 56) retrospectively reported on parents' emotion socialization behaviours during childhood, existing emotion regulation (ER) skills, and current psychopathology symptoms. Asian participants reported fewer positive displays of emotions in their families during childhood than White and Black participants.

Feasibility of exercise training for the short-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Exercise training may be especially helpful for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We conducted a randomized controlled trial to quantify the effects of 6 weeks of resistance (RET) or aerobic exercise training (AET) on remission and worry symptoms among sedentary patients with GAD.

Methods: Thirty sedentary women aged 18-37 years, diagnosed by clinicians blinded to treatment allocation with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of GAD and not engaged in any treatment other than pharmacotherapy, were randomly allocated to RET, AET, or a wait list (WL).

Emotional, behavioral, and cognitive factors that differentiate obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders in youth.

Abstract The current study examined specific emotional, behavioral, and cognitive variables that may distinguish obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia (SoP), and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in youth. Youth with OCD (n=26) and other anxiety disorders (ADs; n=31), aged 7-12 years (56.1% males), and their parents participated.

Cognitive behavioral therapy plus motivational interviewing improves outcome for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study.

Lack of motivation may negatively impact cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) response for pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Motivational interviewing is a method for interacting with patients in order to decrease their ambivalence and support their self-efficacy in their efforts at behavior change. The authors present a preliminary randomized trial (N = 16) to evaluate the effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing (MI) as an adjunct to CBT.

Psychosocial Functioning in Youth with Barth Syndrome.

This pilot study assessed the quality of life and psychosocial functioning of pediatric patients with Barth Syndrome. Thirty-four boys with Barth Syndrome and 22 healthy male controls were administered a measure of verbal ability and completed measures of quality of life, loneliness, perceived peer support, and sibling relationship quality. Parents completed measures of parental distress, parenting stress, child academic functioning, child adaptive behavior, and child emotional and behavioral functioning.

Further psychometric analysis of the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory.

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (FOCI [Storch, E. A., Stigge-Kaufman, D.

Insight in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: associations with clinical presentation.

Insight has emerged as a significant treatment outcome predictor in adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with some suggesting that OCD with poor insight represents a distinct clinical subtype. Despite its clinical relevance, limited data exist on insight in pediatric OCD patients. The present study investigated the relation between poor insight and clinical characteristics among children and adolescents with OCD (N=78, ages 6-20 years).

Impact of comorbidity on cognitive-behavioral therapy response in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: To examine the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on cognitive-behavioral therapy response in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Method: Ninety-six youths with obsessive-compulsive disorder (range 7-19 years) received 14 sessions of weekly or intensive family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy. Assessments were conducted before and after treatment.

Associations between miscellaneous symptoms and symptom dimensions in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with a heterogeneous array of obsessions and compulsions. Although factor analytic studies have identified symptom dimensions comprising the clinical presentation of OCD, many frequently reported miscellaneous symptoms are not considered in factor analytic studies because they do not fit conceptually within a particular symptom category, despite being functionally related. In the present study, we examined the associations between miscellaneous symptoms and OCD symptom dimensions in a sample of 111 adults with OCD.

Psychosocial functioning in youth with glycogen storage disease type I.

Objective: To assess the quality of life and psychosocial functioning among pediatric patients with Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) types Ia and Ib.

Methods: Thirty-one youth with GSD types Ia and Ib and 42 healthy controls participated. Quality of life ratings from the GSD types Ia and Ib sample were compared with a previously reported clinical comparison sample.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a non-randomized comparison of intensive and weekly approaches.

This study examined the relative efficacy of intensive versus weekly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Sixty-two adults with OCD received either 14 sessions of weekly (n=30) or intensive CBT (n=32; daily psychotherapy sessions) in a non-randomized format. Assessments were conducted at Pre-treatment, Post-treatment, and 3-month Follow-up by raters who were blind to treatment group at the Pre-treatment assessment.

Clinical features associated with treatment-resistant pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics that may differentiate youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who are resistant to treatment vs those who have a favorable response.

Method: Participants included 60 outpatients, aged 7-17 years, who were determined to have previously received an adequate trial of a first-line treatment (ie, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive behavioral therapy). Patients who were treatment-resistant were compared with responders on a number of factors, including severity and nature of OCD symptoms, levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, family accommodation of OCD symptoms, and functional impairment.

Sleep-related problems in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Although attention has been given to presence of sleep related problems (SRPs) in children with psychiatric conditions, little has been reported on SRPs in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Sixty-six children and adolescents with OCD were administered the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and completed the Children's Depression Inventory and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale. Their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and Children's Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale.

Associations between miscellaneous symptoms and symptom dimensions: an examination of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adults is a heterogeneous disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment. Although factor analytic studies have identified symptom dimensions, these analyses do not capture the varied miscellaneous symptoms that fail to load on a specific dimension despite being functionally related. The present study sought to extend the findings of previous research in adults to a sample of youth with OCD (n=131).

Clinical features of children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding symptoms.

Objective: This study was conducted to examine whether pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding symptoms differed in terms of clinical characteristics from pediatric OCD patients without hoarding symptoms.

Method: Eighty children and adolescents with OCD (range, 7-17 years) completed clinician-administered and parent- and child-report measures of OCD symptom severity, impairment, and emotional and behavioral symptoms.

Results: Twenty-one youth endorsed significant hoarding symptoms.

D-cycloserine does not enhance exposure-response prevention therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common, chronic, and oftentimes disabling disorder. The only established first-line treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder are exposure and response prevention therapy and the serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Many patients do not experience complete symptom resolution with either modality and require augmentation approaches.