A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Management of Lung Disorders.

This systematic review examines the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing lung disorders through a comprehensive analysis of articles spanning 2014 to 2023. Evaluating AI's multifaceted roles in radiological imaging, disease burden prediction, detection, diagnosis, and molecular mechanisms, this review presents a critical synthesis of key insights from select articles. The findings underscore AI's significant strides in bolstering diagnostic accuracy, interpreting radiological imaging, predicting disease burdens, and deepening the understanding of tuberculosis (TB), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silicosis, pneumoconiosis, and lung fibrosis.

A Case of Bradycardia, Renal Failure, Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalaemia (BRASH) Syndrome in an Elderly Male and Its Management: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BRASH syndrome, characterized by bradycardia, renal dysfunction, atrioventricular (AV) nodal blockage, shock, and hyperkalemia, is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition resulting from the interplay between AV nodal blockers and hyperkalemia. This complex syndrome poses significant challenges in diagnosis and management, with patients often presenting with bradycardia and high potassium levels. This case report highlights the need for increased awareness of BRASH syndrome, especially in an aging population and evolving cardiovascular treatments.

Unconventional Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Presentation From Kentucky: A Compelling Case Report and Literature Review.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a potentially lethal tick-borne disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, known for its tropism for vascular endothelial cells. Its classic symptoms include fever, headaches, and a rash, but atypical presentations can challenge diagnosis. We present the case of a 71-year-old male with fever, weakness, and hiccups, evolving into confusion.

A Rare Case of Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Complicated by Massive Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report.

This case report presents a late middle-aged man with a right infra-hilar lung mass and pericardial effusion (PE). The patient was diagnosed with metastatic small-cell lung carcinoma, with metastases to the liver, pancreas, and cerebellum. The pericardial fluid cytology confirmed the presence of malignant cells most compatible with non-small-cell carcinoma.

A Rare Case of Hyperandrogenism Due to Fibrothecoma and Leydig Cell Tumor in a Postmenopausal Woman With Adrenal Adenoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Hyperandrogenism is an endocrine disorder characterized by an elevated level of androgen in women, which can be due to several etiologies, including ovarian and adrenal causes. Hyperandrogenism can result in hirsutism and virilization in severe cases. Ovarian etiologies can include ovarian hyperthecosis, hilus cell tumors, arrhenoblastomas, and Leydig cell tumors.

Hepatic Chylothorax: An Uncommon Pleural Effusion.

An 83-year-old male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and liver cirrhosis presented with confusion and dyspnea. On chest X-ray, he had the right mid to lower lung zone white out. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis drained 1.

Headache Hygiene in Pediatrics: Brushing Up on the Basics.

Headache hygiene refers to self-management behaviors and practices aimed at reducing headache-related disability and improving self-efficacy. Although self-management interventions have an established place in the management of a wide range of chronic conditions, there is still not a standardized approach to this in pediatric headache. In this article, we focus on headache hygiene approaches including education, lifestyle interventions, and psychologic interventions.

Hepatitis C - Assessment to Treatment Trial (HepCATT) in primary care: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Public Health England (PHE) estimates that there are upwards of 160,000 individuals in England and Wales with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but until now only around 100,000 laboratory diagnoses have been reported to PHE and of these 28,000 have been treated. Targeted case-finding in primary care is estimated to be cost-effective; however, there has been no robust randomised controlled trial evidence available of specific interventions. Therefore, this study aims to develop and conduct a complex intervention within primary care and to evaluate this approach using a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Necrotizing fasciitis with no mortality or limb loss.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially lethal invasive soft tissue infection. Early aggressive antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement have been the hallmark of successful therapy. It is commonly held that delays in surgical debridement significantly increase the mortality rate and rate of limb loss.

Response to ciclosporin treatment in Ethiopian and Nepali patients with severe leprosy Type 1 reactions.

Leprosy type 1 reactions (T1R) are immune-mediated events with inflammation of peripheral nerves and skin. We report the clinical outcomes of a closely monitored open prospective trial in which eight Nepali and 33 Ethiopian patients with T1Rs were treated with an Indian generic formulation of ciclosporin (Cn; 5-7.5 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks after starting treatment.

Charcot-like arthropathy: A newly-recognized subset of psoriatic arthritis.

Objective: The aim of the study is to describe a group of patients with a highly destructive and asymptomatic form of psoriatic arthritis, mimicking a Charcot-like joint disease.

Methods: We studied 180 patients with psoriatic arthritis and identified 4 patients with arthritis mutilans mimicking a Charcot-like joint disease. Clinical history, physical exam, and immunological testing were performed as well as X-ray of affected joints.

Genotyping cytochrome P450 3A5 using the Light Cycler.

Cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) is involved in the biotransformation of many orally administered drugs, some of which are dose optimized using therapeutic drug monitoring. The CYP3A5 gene exhibits variable inter-individual expression, which is related to a single-nucleotide polymorphism. Producers of the enzyme possess at least one CYP3A5*1 allele.

Clinical outcomes in a randomized controlled study comparing azathioprine and prednisolone versus prednisolone alone in the treatment of severe leprosy type 1 reactions in Nepal.

The ILEP nerve function impairment and reaction research programme (INFIR 2) was a group of clinical trials conducted to identify second-line treatments for severe leprosy type 1 reactions (T1R). This paper presents the clinical results of one of these trials in which azathioprine was used in combination with short-course prednisolone to ascertain if the combination was effective in controlling the symptoms and signs of reaction. Forty patients were alternately assigned to a 12-week treatment with either AP (12 weeks azathioprine at 3mg/kg/d plus 8 week reducing course prednisolone starting at 40mg/d) or P (12-week reducing course prednisolone starting at 40mg/d).

Detection of IL-13, IL-10, and IL-6 in the leprosy skin lesions of patients during prednisolone treatment for type 1 (T1R) reactions.

This study demonstrates the presence of IL-10 and IL-6, by immunohistochemistry, in the skin lesions of patients with Type 1 reactions. Fifteen patients with Type 1 reaction from Hyderabad, India were included in this study. They were all receiving standardized treatment for Type 1 reactions: a reducing course of daily oral prednisolone for 6 months.

Update on leprosy.

Leprosy, a result of infection by Mycobacterium leprae, is a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy. The World Health Organization aimed to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem by 2000, but this has not been attained. Patients with leprosy continue to present in the UK.

Effects of intercessory prayer on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Many individuals pray during times of illness, but the clinical effects of prayer are not well-understood.

Methods: We prospectively studied a cohort of 40 patients (mean age, 62 years; 100% white; 82% women) at a private rheumatology practice. All had class II or III rheumatoid arthritis and took stable doses of antirheumatic medications.

A comparison of stavudine plus lamivudine versus zidovudine plus lamivudine in combination with indinavir in antiretroviral naive individuals with HIV infection: selection of thymidine analog regimen therapy (START I).

Background: No clinical trial results directly comparing two nucleoside analog pairs in a drug regimen for HIV that includes a protease inhibitor are available.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of stavudine (d4T) + lamivudine (3TC) with zidovudine (ZDV) + 3TC, each in combination with indinavir (IDV).

Design: Randomized, open-label, multi-center.

Changing conditions and treatments in a dynamic cohort of ambulatory HIV patients: the HIV outpatient study (HOPS).

Purpose: Most HIV-infected persons are now treated as ambulatory patients. Obtaining continually updated data about these patients' changing conditions, therapies, and reimbursement is essential to health care provision and planning. The systematic tracking of patient medical and laboratory information in an ongoing commercial data collection program (The Health Research Network) allows clinicians to better understand health outcomes, practice patterns, and epidemiologic trends for their patients.

Prolonged rupture of membranes in the term newborn.

Of 8791 consecutive newborns, we studied 205 (2.3%) women with a history of prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) greater than 24 hr to assess the incidence of infection, to identify the rate of clinical symptoms, and to examine the use of the white blood count (WBC) and neutrophil values as screening tools to predict infection. Blood culture and complete blood counts (CBC) were obtained in 175 (85%).

Tuboovarian abscess following transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization: imaging appearance.

All physicians participating in the workup of an infertile patient should be aware of the nonspecificity of the computed tomographic or sonographic finding of a complex adnexal cystic lesion occurring following transvaginal oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. Persistent fever and leukocytosis in conjunction with such lesions should lead to an early presumptive diagnosis of tuboovarian abscess with prompt administration of antibiotic therapy.

Physical activity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knee.

A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the association between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and physical activity (PA) among a community group aged 40 years and older. Case patients (85 males, 154 females) had radiologically confirmed knee OA with grade 2+ changes, according to Kellgren and Lawrence criteria. Control subjects (85 males, 154 females) had no radiologic evidence of knee OA.

Low back pain in military basic trainees. A pilot study.

Many studies have been done to elucidate risk factors for low back pain in the general population. A review of the literature reveals that no studies have described low back pain in the military. A pilot study was performed to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of low back pain in a group of military basic trainees.

Metastatic hypernephroma to the larynx: an unusual presentation.

We report a renal cell carcinoma which presented as a metastasis to the larynx. The only preoperative clue to the diagnosis was its hypervascularity.