Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States, 2019.

In 2018, the authors reported estimates of the number and proportion of cancers attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in 2014 in the United States. These data are useful for advocating for and informing cancer prevention and control. Herein, based on up-to-date relative risk and cancer occurrence data, the authors estimated the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and deaths, overall and for 30 cancer types among adults who were aged 30 years and older in 2019 in the United States, that were attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors.

Medical imaging utilization and associated radiation exposure in children with down syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of medical imaging or estimated associated radiation exposure in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 4,348,226 children enrolled in six U.S.

Progress in reducing cancer mortality in the United States by congressional district, 1996-2003 to 2012-2020.

Background: United States cancer death rates have been steadily declining since the early 1990s, but information on disparities in progress against cancer mortality across congressional districts is lacking. This study examined trends in cancer death rates, overall and for lung, colorectal, female breast, and prostate cancer by congressional district.

Methods: County level cancer death counts and population data from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to estimate relative change in age-standardized cancer death rates from 1996-2003 to 2012-2020 by sex and congressional district.

Incidence and Visual Outcomes of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone Implant vs Ranibizumab.

Purpose: To compare the incidence and visual outcomes of endophthalmitis after injection of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant and injection of intravitreal ranibizumab.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed endophthalmitis in eyes receiving an intravitreal injection of a 0.7 mg dexamethasone implant (DEX group), 0.

Mortality by Education Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, U.S., 2017-2020.

Introduction: Mortality disparities by SES, including education, have steadily increased in the U.S. over the past decades.

Person-years of life lost and lost earnings from cigarette smoking-attributable cancer deaths, United States, 2019.

State-specific information on lost earnings due to smoking-attributable cancer deaths to inform and advocate for tobacco control policies is lacking. We estimated person-years of life lost (PYLL) and lost earnings due to cigarette smoking-attributable cancer deaths in the United States nationally and by state. Proportions and numbers of cigarette smoking-attributable cancer deaths and associated PYLL among individuals aged 25 to 79 years in 2019 were calculated and combined with annual median earnings to estimate lost earnings attributable to cigarette smoking.

Combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane retracting door flaps for large macular holes associated with epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: To assess the closure rate of large full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) associated with epiretinal membrane (ERM) with a combined epiretinal and internal limiting membrane retracting door flap.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients treated at a single tertiary retina practice between January 2017 and November 2019. Individuals with FTMH larger than 400 μm and co-diagnosis of ERM who underwent surgical repair with an ERM flap were included.

Quantifying cancer risk from exposures to medical imaging in the Risk of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Associated with Medical Imaging (RIC) Study: research methods and cohort profile.

Purpose: The Risk of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Associated with Medical Imaging (RIC) Study is quantifying the association between cumulative radiation exposure from fetal and/or childhood medical imaging and subsequent cancer risk. This manuscript describes the study cohorts and research methods.

Methods: The RIC Study is a longitudinal study of children in two retrospective cohorts from 6 U.

Dietary Fibre Intervention for Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Mental Health in Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 4-5% of the global population. This disorder is associated with gut microbiota, diet, sleep, and mental health. This scoping review therefore aims to map existing research that has administrated fibre-related dietary intervention to IBS individuals and reported outcomes on at least two of the three following themes: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health.

Long-term medical imaging use in children with central nervous system tumors.

Background: Children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors undergo frequent imaging for diagnosis and follow-up, but few studies have characterized longitudinal imaging patterns. We described medical imaging in children before and after malignant CNS tumor diagnosis.

Procedure: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0-20 years diagnosed with CNS tumors between 1996-2016 at six U.

Vitrectomy for Symptomatic Asteroid Hyalosis.

Purpose: Acute vision loss may accompany complete or partial posterior vitreous separation in asteroid hyalosis (AH), and pars plana vitrectomy may resolve these symptoms.

Methods: Six individuals with AH and acute vision loss associated with diagnosed posterior vitreous separation were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, and visual acuity (VA) recovery was monitored for 3 months.

Results: The study patients' preoperative VA ranged from 20/25 to 20/2500 (mean, 20/150; logMAR, 0.

Leukemia Risk in a Cohort of 3.9 Million Children with and without Down Syndrome.

Objective: To assess leukemia risks among children with Down syndrome in a large, contemporary cohort.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study including 3 905 399 children born 1996-2016 in 7 US healthcare systems or Ontario, Canada, and followed from birth to cancer diagnosis, death, age 15 years, disenrollment, or December 30, 2016. Down syndrome was identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions, diagnosis codes.

Trends in Imaging for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Across US Health Care Systems, 2004 to 2016.

Importance: In response to calls to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), there have been growing efforts to create and implement decision rules for PE testing. It is unclear if the use of advanced imaging tests for PE has diminished over time.

Objective: To assess the use of advanced imaging tests, including chest computed tomography (CT) (ie, all chest CT except for CTPA), CTPA, and ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, for PE from 2004 to 2016.

Paraneoplastic ocular sarcoidosis in the setting of recurrent rectal carcinoid tumor diagnosed by F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT.

Purpose: Nuclear medicine imaging can provide a noninvasive means of distinguishing inflammatory mass lesions from oncologic intraocular tumors.

Observation: We report a case of paraneoplastic ocular sarcoidosis with choroidal mass lesions that was initially concerning for choroidal metastasis of a primary carcinoid tumor. PET CT was utilized with two different tracers to characterize the choroidal mass as being FDG-avid, consistent with a sarcoid-like lesion, and lacking the Gallium (Ga-68) DOTATAE uptake of carcinoid tumor metastases.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Patients With Acute Syphilitic Posterior Placoid Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinopathy (ASPPC) is an uncommon and distinct manifestation of ocular syphilis necessitating immediate treatment. ASPPC is attributed to disruption of the choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium, and photoreceptors. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can evaluate choriocapillaris vascular flow and may provide further information about ASPPC's disease process.

Does Fibre-fix provided to people with irritable bowel syndrome who are consuming a low FODMAP diet improve their gut health, gut microbiome, sleep and mental health? A double-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) is an effective way to reduce gut symptoms in people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This diet reduces the intake of fermentable fibres, leading to changes of the gut microbiota and insufficient fermentation in the large bowel, resulting in reduced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, which has unfavourable implications for gut health, sleep and mental health. This study will examine the effect of Fibre-fix, a supplement containing a mix of dietary fibres, on the human gut microbiome composition, fermentative capacity, sleep, quality of life (QOL) and mental health of people with IBS who consume a low FODMAP diet (LFD).

Current management strategies for atypical macular holes.

This review evaluates the current surgical management options for refractory and atypical macular holes (MH) and proposes a treatment paradigm for approaching complex cases. A review of literature was performed to deliver a thorough discussion of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of MH as well as the historic evolution of surgical management strategies. With this context established, an update on recent surgical advances for management of large, chronic, and highly myopic MH is provided.

Trends in Use of Medical Imaging in US Health Care Systems and in Ontario, Canada, 2000-2016.

Importance: Medical imaging increased rapidly from 2000 to 2006, but trends in recent years have not been analyzed.

Objective: To evaluate recent trends in medical imaging.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Retrospective cohort study of patterns of medical imaging between 2000 and 2016 among 16 million to 21 million patients enrolled annually in 7 US integrated and mixed-model insurance health care systems and for individuals receiving care in Ontario, Canada.

Trends in Medical Imaging During Pregnancy in the United States and Ontario, Canada, 1996 to 2016.

Importance: The use of medical imaging has sharply increased over the last 2 decades. Imaging rates during pregnancy have not been quantified in a large, multisite study setting.

Objective: To evaluate patterns of medical imaging during pregnancy.

Retinal nerve fiber layer changes based on historic CD4 nadir among HIV positive patients undergoing glaucoma evaluation.

Aim: To determine relationships between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and nadir CD4 cell count in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion.

Methods: Data were reviewed for 329 HIV positive patients evaluated for glaucoma suspicion. High-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL measurements were obtained at least 6mo apart.

Longitudinal Examination of Fellow-Eye Vascular Anomalies in Coats' Disease With Widefield Fluorescein Angiography: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Objective: Retinovascular anomalies in the fellow eyes of patients with Coats' disease have been described, but the clinical significance is unknown, as well as whether these lesions progress over time.

Patients And Methods: This is an international, multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study of fellow-eye abnormalities on widefield fluorescein angiography in patients with Coats' disease.

Results: Three hundred fifty eyes of 175 patients with Coats' disease were analyzed.

Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) Versus Standard of Care for Postsurgical Lagophthalmos and Exposure Keratopathy: Trends in Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To compare baseline characteristics and visual acuity outcomes in patients treated with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) versus other standard-of-care (SOC) treatments for postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study of 45 consecutive patients (53 eyes) with postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy following oculoplastic or skull base surgeries treated between August 2011 and August 2017 was performed. Patients treated with PROSE (22 patients, 27 eyes) were identified by referrals made to the PROSE treatment program at Weill Cornell Medical College.