Hypertension (HTN) is increasingly becoming a critical health issue in the U.S., with a rise in related cardiovascular deaths, particularly when it becomes refractory, or treatment-resistant.
Key risk factors for refractory HTN are linked to demographics (African ancestry, young age, and female gender), health conditions (diabetes, obesity, sleep apnea, kidney disease), and lifestyle choices (smoking).
The text also emphasizes three key areas to focus on: understanding the risk factors for refractory hypertension, the potential role of surgical interventions in its management, and the existing referral systems to support patients with refractory HTN.