Pediatric Ophthalmology Scope of Practice.

Purpose: To determine practice patterns of pediatric ophthalmologists with respect to types of medical conditions cared for and age of patients treated due to limited data regarding pediatric ophthalmologists' scope of practice.

Methods: A survey was sent to 1408 international and United States members of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) membership through the group's internet listserv. Responses were collated and analyzed.

Long-term outcomes of strabismus surgery in Mobius sequence.

: Mobius sequence is a rare disorder that results from underdevelopment of the sixth and seventh cranial nerves, with subsequent facial weakness and impairment of ocular abduction. Approximately half of the affected patients have esotropia with limitation of extraocular movements. This study retrospectively reviews the long-term outcome of strabismus surgery for such patients.

Infantile Exotropia and Developmental Delay.

Purpose: To evaluate a group of infants with this disorder to determine the long-term outcome of surgery and to assess the need for neurologic evaluations.

Methods: This interventional case series reviewed the records of infants who underwent surgery for the treatment of exotropia with onset during the first year of life. The preoperative ophthalmic and systemic findings, treatment, and developmental and ophthalmic outcomes were reviewed.

Comparison of lateral rectus muscle re-recession and medial rectus muscle resection for treatment of postoperative exotropia.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus muscle re-recession and medial rectus muscle resection for treatment of recurrent or persistent exotropia.

Design: Retrospective nonrandomized clinical trial.

Methods: setting: Hospital-based clinical practice.

Diplopia following cosmetic surgery.

Cosmetic blepharoplasty is the most often performed procedure in plastic surgery and ophthalmic plastic surgery. Many complications have been reported including ectropion, exposure keratitis, hemorrhage, epiphora, infection, vision loss, and, very rarely, diplopia. Although uncommon, there have been several case reports and case series published evaluating possible causes of this problem, including aggressive excision of fat, wound-related inflammation, conjunctival edema, and temporary muscle disturbances.

Oblique muscle surgery for treatment of nystagmus with head tilt.

Background: Patients with nystagmus may adopt an abnormal head posture if they have a null zone in eccentric gaze. These patients uncommonly present with torticollis due to a null zone when the head is tilted. We describe the results of surgery on the oblique muscles to improve the abnormal head posture in this condition.

Long-term results of botulinum toxin-augmented medial rectus recessions for large-angle infantile esotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term results of medial rectus recessions augmented by botulinum toxin injection for treating infants with large-angle (> 60 prism diopters [PD]) infantile esotropia.

Design: Interventional case series.

Settings: Hospital-based clinical practice.

Persistently recurrent infantile esotropia.

Introduction: Children with infantile esotropia often require more than one surgery to align the eyes horizontally, for either recurrent esotropia or consecutive exotropia. We report an unusual subset of patients who had persistently recurrent esotropia despite multiple surgeries.

Methods: The records of 11 patients who presented before age one year with infantile esotropia and who had three or more surgeries for recurrent esotropia were reviewed.

Effect of preoperative stability of alignment on outcome of strabismus surgery for infantile esotropia.

Introduction: Some strabismus surgeons wait until the angle of deviation stabilizes prior to operating on patients with infantile esotropia. This study evaluated whether a preoperative increase in the angle of deviation affected surgical outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective comparative case series in which records of patients with infantile esotropia, who had surgery performed before age 2 years and who were followed for at least 2 years postoperatively, were reviewed to identify two groups for comparison: the first had /=10(Delta) increase in the angle of deviation prior to surgery.

Cerebral Palsy for the Pediatric Eye Care Team Part II: Diagnosis and Treatment of Ocular Motor Deficits.

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a term used to describe a spectrum of neurological deficits resulting from damage to the developing nervous system. This paper, the second in a series of three articles, will present frequency, diagnosis, and management of the ocular motor deficits associated with CP. Topics for discussion will include the prevalence and type of strabismus, the effect of CP on eye movement systems, the efficacy of vision therapy for eye movement deficits, and strabismus surgery.