Anti-biofilm effectiveness of protocols for cleaning complete dentures in hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Denture biofilm acts as a potential reservoir for respiratory pathogens, considerably increasing the risk of lung infections, specifically aspiration pneumonia, mainly 48h after hospital admission. The establishment of a straightforward, affordable, and applicable hygiene protocol in a hospital environment for the effective control of denture biofilm can be particularly useful to prevent respiratory infections or reduce the course of established lung disease.

Objectives: To evaluate the anti-biofilm effectiveness of denture cleaning protocols in hospitalized patients.

DNase improves the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of candidiasis induced with .

The study evaluated the association of DNase I enzyme with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral candidiasis in mice infected with fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) strains. Mice were inoculated with , and after the infection had been established, the tongues were exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by photosensitizer [Photodithazine(PDZ)] and light (LED), either singly or combined. The treatments were performed for 5 consecutive days.

In-vitro polymicrobial oral biofilm model represents clinical microbial profile and disease progression during implant-related infections.

Aim: Clinically relevant in-vitro biofilm models are essential and valuable tools for mechanistically dissecting the etiopathogenesis of infectious diseases and test new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and test a clinically relevant in-vitro oral polymicrobial biofilm model that mimics implant-related infections in terms of microbial profile.

Methods And Results: For this purpose, 24-well plate system was used to model oral biofilms, using three different microbial inoculums to grow in-vitro biofilms: (1) human saliva from periodontally healthy patients; (2) saliva as in inoculum 1 + Porphyromonas gingivalis strain; and (3) supra and subgingival biofilm collected from peri-implant sites of patients diagnosed with peri-implantitis.

Hydrogen peroxide enhances the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against biofilms.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (HO) combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on biofilms formed by strains which are either susceptible to or resistant to fluconazole. Biofilms were grown and treated with HO, followed by the application of Photodithazine® (P) and red light-emitting diode (LED) (L) either separately or combined ( = 12). After the treatment, biofilms were evaluated by estimating colony-forming unit ml, extracellular matrix components [water -soluble and -insoluble polysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA (eDNA)], biomass (total and insoluble dry-weight), and protein concentration.

The Effect of Sub-Lethal Successive Applications of Photodynamic Therapy on Biofilm Depends on the Photosensitizer.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of sub-lethal doses of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and curcumin (CUR) associated with LED in the viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and gene expression of . The microbial assays were performed using planktonic cultures and biofilms. Ten successive applications (Apl#) were performed: aPDT (P+L+; C+L+), photosensitizer (P+L-; C+L-), and LED (P-L+; C-L+).

Distinct Agents Induce Streptococcus mutans Cells with Altered Biofilm Formation Capacity.

Dental caries is a multifactorial biofilm- and sugar-dependent disease. This study investigated the influence of different agents on the induction of surviving Streptococcus mutans cells after successive treatment cycles and characterized the biofilms formed by these cells recovered posttreatment. The agents (with their main targets listed in parentheses) were compound 1771 (lipoteichoic acids), 4' hydroxychalcone (exopolysaccharides), myricetin (exopolysaccharides), -farnesol (cytoplasmatic membrane), sodium fluoride (enolase-glycolysis), chlorhexidine (antimicrobial), and vehicle.

DNase enhances photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans biofilms.

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of DNase I combined with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, mediated by Photodithazine and light-emitting diode light, against biofilms formed by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strain (ATCC 96901) and two clinical isolates (R14 and R70).

Materials And Methods: Biofilms were grown for 48 h and exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by application of a photosensitizer (P) and light (L), either singly or combined (P+L+, P-L+, P+L-, P-L-, P-L-DNase, P+L+DNase, P+L-DNase, and P-L+DNase; n = 12). Biofilm analysis included quantification of extracellular matrix components (water-soluble and insoluble polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA), and biomass (total and insoluble), as well as the enumeration of colony-forming units.

reduces the extracellular matrix components of fluconazole-susceptible biofilms.

Fluconazole-sensitive (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) were grown as single-species and dual-species biofilms with (Lc) and (Lr). Single-species Lc and Lr were also evaluated. Biofilm analysis included viable plate counts, the extracellular matrix components, biomass, and structural organization.

Microbial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Bioactive Surfaces of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Alloy Created by Anodization.

This study evaluated the microbial colonization (adhesion and biofilm) on modified surfaces of a titanium alloy, Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta, anodized with Ca and P or F ions, with and without silver deposition. The chemical composition, surface topography, roughness (Ra), and surface free energy were evaluated before and after the surface modifications (anodizing). Adhesion and biofilm formation on saliva-coated discs by primary colonizing species (, , ) and a periodontal pathogen () were assessed.

Compounds with Distinct Targets Present Diverse Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Efficacy against and and Combinations of Compounds Potentiate Their Effect.

and interact synergistically in biofilms associated with a severe form of dental caries. Their synergism is driven by dietary sucrose. Thus, it is necessary to devise strategies to hinder the development of those biofilms and prevent cavities.

Gene expression of Candida albicans strains isolates from patients with denture stomatitis submitted to treatments with photodynamic therapy and nystatin.

The study evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and nystatin (NYS) in the expression of genes (ACT1, ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, EFG1, HWP1, LIP3, PLB1, SAP1, and SOD1) involved in the virulence of Candida albicans strains recovered from patients with denture stomatitis (DS). These strains were isolated from the patients before (initial) and after treatment (final), and 45 days after the treatments (follow-up). For gene expression analyses, RNA was isolated from the clinical strains, followed by cDNA synthesis and qPCR using specific primers for each target gene.

Consecutive treatments with photodynamic therapy and nystatin altered the expression of virulence and ergosterol biosynthesis genes of a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in vivo.

This investigation assessed the effect of five consecutive daily topical treatments of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), nystatin (NYS), and an association of treatments on a fluconazole-resistant strain of Candida albicans colonizing the tongues of mice. After the last treatments application, colonies of C. albicans were recovered from the tongues and used to determine their fluconazole susceptibility.

Establishment of microcosm biofilm models that reproduce a cariogenic diet intake.

Biofilms were developed from human saliva on bovine enamel discs in four experimental conditions to investigate dental caries development: feast and famine (M1), abundance and scarcity (M2), three meals daily (M3), and three meals plus two snacks daily (M4). The main difference between these models was the diet for microbial growth. The evaluations included verifying the pH of the spent culture media and analyzing the enamel discs for demineralization (microhardness and roughness) and biofilms (biomass, viable populations of mutans streptococci, and total microbiota).

Successive applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy effects the susceptibility of Candida albicans grown in medium with or without fluconazole.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) was introduced as a therapy due to resistance that microorganisms have developed to conventional drugs. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of successive applications of aPDT in effecting Candida albicans susceptibility and also whether the presence of fluconazole effected the recovery of the fungi in the culture medium. Planktonic cultures and biofilm were subjected to successive applications of Photodithazine-mediated (25 mg/L) LED-associated aPDT (660 nm, 34 mW/cm).

Salivary Microbiological and Gingival Health Status Evaluation of Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity: A Cluster Analysis.

Given the high prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, the investigation of early markers is of clinical importance to better manage this condition. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the cross-sectional relationship between salivary microbiota, gingival health status, and excess weight in adolescents. A total of 248 students (14-17 y; 119 girls) were included, free of caries lesions and periodontal pockets.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy reduces gene expression of Candida albicans in biofilms.

The present study evaluated whether the oxidative stress caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) affects the expression of C. albicans genes related to adhesion and biofilm formation (ALS1 and HPW1) and oxidative stress response (CAP1, CAT1, and SOD1). The aPDT was mediated by two photosensitizing agents (PSs) Photodithazine® (PDZ at 100 and 200 mg/L) or Curcumin (CUR at 40 and 80 μM) and LED (37.

Dual-species biofilms of and exhibit more biomass and are mutually beneficial compared with single-species biofilms.

: () and () are found in biofilms of early childhood caries. To characterize dual- and single-species biofilms of and formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs in the presence of sucrose. Evaluation of biofilms included biochemical [biomass, proteins, matrix's water-soluble (WSP) and alkali-soluble (ASP) polysaccharides, microbiological, 3D structure, gene expression, and stress tolerance analyses.

Influence of the use of complete denture adhesives on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by single- and mixed-species.

Objectives: To verify whether the Ultra Corega Cream and Corega Strip Denture Adhesive adhesives interfere in the microbial adhesion and biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Lactobacillus casei in single- and mixed-species settings, and observe whether synergistic or antagonistic relationships between these species occur.

Methods: Specimens made from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Lucitone 550) were fabricated (n = 144) with a circular shape and standardized roughness (3.0 μm ±0.

An model of and in single- and dual-species biofilms.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop and validate a standardized pathogenic biofilm attached onto saliva-coated surfaces.

Methods: and strains were grown under anaerobic conditions as single species and in dual-species cultures. Initially, the bacterial biomass was evaluated at 24 and 48 hours to determine the optimal timing for the adhesion phase onto saliva-coated polystyrene surfaces.

Effect of tt-farnesol and myricetin on in vitro biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

Background: Dental caries is considered a multifactorial disease, in which microorganisms play an important role. The diet is decisive in the biofilm formation because it provides the necessary resources for cellular growth and exopolysaccharides synthesis. Exopolysaccharides are the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Periodontal and microbiologic evaluation of 2 methods of archwire ligation: ligature wires and elastomeric rings.

Introduction: Prophylactic programs to prevent dental biofilm accumulation must be implemented to minimize the risk for periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. Therefore, we assessed the possible periodontal and microbiologic changes resulting from the use of 2 methods of orthodontic archwire ligation: elastomeric rings and steel ligatures.

Methods: The following parameters were measured: plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth, and biofilm samples from the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were evaluated in 14 subjects without clinical signs of gingival inflammation before orthodontic appliance placement and after 6 months of treatment.

Tansmission, diversity and virulence factors of Sreptococcus mutans genotypes.

Dental caries is an infectious and transmissible disease, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors interact. The mutans streptococci (MS), mainly Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are the microorganisms most strongly associated with this disease. The main virulence factors associated with MS cariogenicity include adhesion, acidogenicity and acid tolerance.

Longitudinal study of transmission, diversity, and stability of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus genotypes in Brazilian nursery children.

The aim of this study was to perform a follow-up evaluation of the Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus colonization profile of children's oral cavities, which included the pattern of vertical transmission from mother to child, genotypic diversity, and stability of the strains. The subjects were 16 mother-child pairs, who were monitored for 20 months. Samples of saliva, tongue dorsum, alveolar ridge mucosa, and dental plaque from the children were collected bimonthly.

Time of initial acquisition of mutans streptococci by human infants.

The aim of this study was to detect and monitor the acquisition of mutans streptococci (MS) in healthy Brazilian children. Samples of 4 different sites (saliva, tongue dorsum, dental ridges, and dental plaque, if teeth were present) were collected from 33 edentulous nursery school infants (5.9+/-1.

Clinical and microbiologic changes after removal of orthodontic appliances.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological factors associated with orthodontic appliances during an episode of gingival inflammation and the impact of appliance removal on periodontal health. This prospective study included 10 patients, aged 12 to 20 years, with clinical signs of gingival inflammation at the final phase of orthodontic treatment (appliance removal). Plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth were evaluated, and microbiological samples were collected from teeth 16, 11, and 26 at 2 times: during the gingival inflammation (baseline) and 30 days after the removal of the appliance and professional prophylaxis.