Corrigendum: Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.

Post-discharge outcomes of hospitalized children diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Introduction: Hospitalized children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2-related conditions are at risk for new or persistent symptoms and functional impairments. Our objective was to analyze post-hospital symptoms, healthcare utilization, and outcomes of children previously hospitalized and diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Methods: Prospective, multicenter electronic survey of parents of children <18 years of age surviving hospitalization from 12 U.

A Survey of Pediatric Neurocritical Care Fellowship Training in North America.

Background: Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) has emerged as a field to care for children at the intersection of critical illness and neurological dysfunction. PNCC fellowship programs evolved over the past decade to train physicians to fill this clinical need. We aimed to characterize PNCC fellowship training infrastructure and curriculum in the United States and Canada.

Organ Dysfunction Among Children Meeting Brain Death Criteria: Implications for Organ Donation.

Objectives: Over 70% of pediatric organ donors are declared deceased by brain death (BD) criteria. Patients with these devastating neurologic injuries often have accompanying multiple organ dysfunction. This study was performed to characterize organ dysfunction in children who met BD criteria and were able to donate their organs compared with those deemed medically ineligible.

Catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis in children with severe traumatic brain injury: A single-center experience.

Background: This study was performed to describe the single-center experience of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) who were mechanically ventilated with a central line, and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors. It was hypothesized that children with DVT would have a longer duration of central venous line (CVL) and a higher use of hypertonic saline (HTS) compared to those without DVT.

Procedure/methods: This was a retrospective study of children (0-18 years) with sTBI, who were intubated, had a CVL, and a minimum intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 3 days.

A Virtual Community of Practice: An International Educational Series in Pediatric Neurocritical Care.

Pediatric neurocritical care (PNCC) is a rapidly growing field. Challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic on trainee exposure to educational opportunities involving direct patient care led to the creative solutions for virtual education supported by guiding organizations such as the Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group (PNCRG). Our objective is to describe the creation of an international, peer-reviewed, online PNCC educational series targeting medical trainees and faculty.

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound, a Review for the Pediatric Intensivist.

The use of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is increasing in frequency in the pediatric intensive care unit. This review highlights some of the pertinent TCD applications for the pediatric intensivist, including evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics, autoregulation, non-invasive cerebral perfusion pressure/intracranial pressure estimation, vasospasm screening, and cerebral emboli detection.

Continuing Care For Critically Ill Children Beyond Hospital Discharge: Current State of Follow-up.

Objectives: Survivors of the PICU face long-term morbidities across health domains. In this study, we detail active PICU follow-up programs (PFUPs) and identify perceptions and barriers about development and maintenance of PFUPs.

Methods: A web link to an adaptive survey was distributed through organizational listservs.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neurologic Manifestations in Hospitalized Children Diagnosed with Acute SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C.

Background: Our objective was to characterize the frequency, early impact, and risk factors for neurological manifestations in hospitalized children with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional study of neurological manifestations in children aged <18 years hospitalized with positive SARS-CoV-2 test or clinical diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2-related condition between January 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for neurological manifestations was performed.

A Survey of Neuromonitoring Practices in North American Pediatric Intensive Care Units.

Background: Neuromonitoring is the use of continuous measures of brain physiology to detect clinically important events in real-time. Neuromonitoring devices can be invasive or non-invasive and are typically used on patients with acute brain injury or at high risk for brain injury. The goal of this study was to characterize neuromonitoring infrastructure and practices in North American pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Practice Recommendations for Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography in Critically Ill Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus Statement.

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is being used in many pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of children with known or suspected pathophysiological changes to cerebral hemodynamics. Standardized approaches to scanning protocols, interpretation, and documentation of TCD examinations in this setting are lacking. A panel of multidisciplinary clinicians with expertise in the use of TCD in the PICU undertook a three-round modified Delphi process to reach unanimous agreement on 34 statements and then create practice recommendations for TCD use in the PICU.

Optic nerve sheath diameter does not correlate with intracranial pressure in pediatric neurocritical care patients.

Purpose: Intracranial pressure (ICP) > 20 mmHg is associated with worse outcomes in children. The gold standard for monitoring ICP is invasive, has complications such as bleeding and infection, and may not be available in resource limited areas. Ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been studied as a noninvasive way to evaluate for elevated ICP in adults.

Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity is Not Associated with Serum Hemoglobin in Children with Malaria-Associated Anemia.

Background And Purpose: Hemoglobin (Hbg) is often thought to impact cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV). This study was performed to investigate the relationship between Hbg value and CBFV in African children with malaria.

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, children aged 3 months to 18 years with malaria and a normal Blantyre coma score underwent a single transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) examination with a concurrent Hbg check.

Caregiver Characteristics Associated With Quality of Cardiac Compressions on an Adult Mannequin With Real-Time Visual Feedback: A Simulation-Based Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Chest compression (CC) quality directly impacts cardiac arrest outcomes. Provider body type can influence the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); however, the magnitude of this impact while using visual feedback is not well described. The aim of the study was to determine the association between provider anthropometric variables on fatigue and CC adherence to 2015 American Heart Association CPR while receiving visual feedback.

Non-invasive estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in children with severe traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To identify if cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) can be non-invasively estimated by either of two methods calculated using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) parameters.

Design: Retrospective review of previously prospectively gathered data.

Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care referral hospital.

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings in children with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury following abusive head trauma.

Purpose: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of fatal head injuries for children under 2 years. The objective was to evaluate, using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), whether children with AHT have a similar neurovascular response to injury compared with children without AHT.

Methods: Retrospective sub-analysis of previously prospectively acquired data in a pediatric intensive care unit in a level 1 trauma hospital.

Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, Intracranial Pressure, Cerebral Perfusion Pressure, What Does it Mean? A Review of the Literature.

Severe traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. In 2003 the Brain Trauma Foundation released guidelines that have since been updated (2010) and have helped standardize and improve care. One area of care that remains controversial is whether the placement of an intracranial pressure monitor is advantageous in the management of traumatic brain injury.

Cerebrovascular Physiology During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Multicenter Study Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography.

Objectives: To explore changes to expected, age-related transcranial Doppler ultrasound variables during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design: Prospective, observational, multicenter study.

Setting: Tertiary care PICUs.

Intensive care resources required to care for critically ill children with focal intracranial infections.

The authors reviewed cases in which children with a focal infection inside the head (ex: a brain abscess) were cared for in their pediatric ICU to describe the frequency of complications and quantify the ICU resources needed (ex: breathing tube, blood pressure medications, and/or an intracranial pressure monitor). This information helps clarify illness severity and has identified complications that we should further investigate to improve care for these children.

Cerebral blood flow velocity and autoregulation in paediatric patients following a global hypoxic-ischaemic insult.

Aim: To describe the cerebral blood flow velocity pattern and investigate cerebral autoregulation using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) following a global hypoxic-ischaemic (HI) event in children.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational study in a quaternary-level paediatric intensive care unit. Intubated children, newborn to 17 years admitted to the PICU following HI injury (asphyxia, drowning, cardiac arrest) were eligible for inclusion.

Reduction of hyperthermia in pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a quality improvement initiative.

OBJECTIVE Severe traumatic brain injury remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Providers focus on reducing secondary brain injury by avoiding hypoxemia, avoiding hypotension, providing normoventilation, treating intracranial hypertension, and reducing cerebral metabolic demand. Hyperthermia is frequently present in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, contributes to cerebral metabolic demand, and is associated with prolonged hospital admission as well as impaired neurological outcome.