Environmental and Management Effects on Demographic Processes in the U.S. Threatened (Nutt.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae).

Populations of the U.S. threatened orchid, , are restricted to fragmented grassland and wetland habitats.

Effects of life history and reproduction on recruitment time lags in reintroductions of rare plants.

Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long-term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short-term (e.g.

Repeated burning of eastern tallgrass prairie increases richness and diversity, stabilizing late successional vegetation.

Understanding temporal effects of fire frequency on plant species diversity and vegetation structure is critical for managing tallgrass prairie (TGP), which occupies a mid-continental longitudinal precipitation and productivity gradient. Eastern TGP has contributed little information toward understanding whether vegetation-fire interactions are uniform or change across this biome. We resampled 34 fire-managed mid- and late-successional ungrazed TGP remnants occurring across a dry to wet-mesic moisture gradient in the Chicago region of Illinois, USA.