Socioecological factors influencing physical activity engagement for women across the menopausal transition: a systematic review.

Importance: Physical activity during menopause can be effective in reducing the physiological changes associated with reproductive aging that increase risks for noncommunicable diseases, yet many women do not meet the recommendations for physical activity.

Objective: This study aimed to synthesize factors influencing physical activity for women across menopausal transition phases using a socioecological approach.

Evidence Review: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis was used to systematically search 10 databases between 2001 and 2021.

Does coping style mediate the relationship between knowledge and psychosocial outcomes in women with atrial fibrillation?

Introduction: In patients affected by atrial fibrillation (AF) disease-specific knowledge and coping style may be associated with psychosocial well-being. This study aimed to determine if coping style (problem-focused, emotion-focused, avoidance-focused) mediated the relationship between patient knowledge and three psychosocial outcomes (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction).

Methods: In 2021 a total of 188 women with reported AF, and ages ranging from 18 to 83 years (mean 48.

Development of a short form of the Cardiac Distress Inventory.

Background: Cardiac distress may be viewed as a persistent negative emotional state that spans multiple psychosocial domains and challenges a patient's capacity to cope with living with their heart condition. The Cardiac Distress Inventory (CDI) is a disease-specific clinical assessment tool that captures the complexity of this distress. In busy settings such as primary care, cardiac rehabilitation, and counselling services, however, there is a need to administer briefer tools to aid in identification and screening.

The cardiac distress inventory: A new measure of psychosocial distress associated with an acute cardiac event.

Background: Many challenges are posed by the experience of a heart attack or heart surgery which can be characterised as 'cardiac distress'. It spans multiple psychosocial domains incorporating patients' responses to physical, affective, cognitive, behavioural and social symptoms and experiences related to their cardiac event and their recovery. Although some measures of the psychological and emotional impacts of a cardiac event exist, none provides a comprehensive assessment of cardiac distress.

Measurement of Noradrenaline and Serotonin Metabolites With Internal Jugular Vein Sampling: An Indicator of Brain Monoamine Turnover in Depressive Illness and Panic Disorder.

In research spanning three decades we have estimated brain monoamine turnover (approximately equating with synthesis rate) with sampling from the internal jugular veins and measurement of trans-cerebral plasma monoamine metabolite concentration gradients. Here we report indices of brain noradrenaline and serotonin turnover in patients with major depressive illness (MDD) and panic disorder (PD). Brain noradrenaline turnover was assessed from the combined flux into the internal jugular veins of the metabolites dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and brain serotonin turnover from the overflow of the primary metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA).

Unraveling the Complexity of Cardiac Distress: A Study of Prevalence and Severity.

Introduction: While much research attention has been paid to anxiety and depression in people who have had a recent cardiac event, relatively little has focused on the broader concept of cardiac distress. Cardiac distress is a multidimensional construct that incorporates but extends beyond common mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. In the present study we assessed the prevalence, severity and predictors of a broad range of physical, affective, cognitive, behavioral and social symptoms of cardiac distress.

Buffering the Fear of COVID-19: Social Connectedness Mediates the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Psychological Wellbeing.

Social connections are crucial for an individual's health, wellbeing, and overall effective functioning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one major preventative effort for reducing the spread of COVID-19 involved restricting people's typical social interactions through physical distancing and isolation. The current cross-sectional study, conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, explored the relationship among fear of COVID-19, social connectedness, resilience, depressive symptomologies, and self-perceived stress.

Enhancing the appeal of cardiac rehabilitation for women: development and pilot testing of a women-only yoga cardiac rehabilitation programme.

Aims: Despite its demonstrated benefits, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) attendance, and completion is suboptimal, particularly in women. The aims of this study were (i) to develop and pilot test a women-only yoga-based CR programme (the Women's Yoga CR Programme; WYCRP); (ii) to investigate programme acceptability; and (iii) to investigate attendance and completion of the WYCRP and continuation to Phase III community-based CR.

Methods And Results: Women eligible for CR at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia were recruited.

The adrenal medulla in cardiovascular medicine: an untold story.

Unlike noradrenaline, the sympathetic neurotransmitter which overflows to the circulation, adrenaline (ADR) is a secreted hormone, with a low plasma concentration, and plasma concentration for biological action a log order lower than that of noradrenaline. The venous drainage of the left adrenal medulla into the left renal vein does expose this vein to uniquely high plasma ADR concentrations and possible risk of thrombosis at high rates of ADR secretion. There is typically a different timeframe for adrenal medullary and sympathetic nervous system responses: ADR release is short term in contrast with sympathetic activation persisting for years in heart failure and hypertension.

Protocol for the development and validation of a measure of persistent psychological and emotional distress in cardiac patients: the Cardiac Distress Inventory.

Introduction: Distress is experienced by the majority of cardiac patients, yet no cardiac-specific measure of distress exists. The aim of this project is to develop and validate the Cardiac Distress Inventory (CDI). Using the CDI, health professionals will be able to identify key clusters of psychological, emotional and social concern to address with patients, postcardiac event.

Anxiety and Depression After a Cardiac Event: Prevalence and Predictors.

Introduction: Patients who are anxious or depressed after an acute cardiac event are at increased risk of a subsequent event and premature death. It is therefore important to identify these patients early in order to initiate supportive or even preventive measures. In the present study, we report on the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the first 12 months after an acute cardiac event, and the patient characteristics predictive of increased anxiety and depression risk in early and late convalescence.

Kindergarten attendance may reduce developmental impairments in children: results from the Bavarian Pre-School Morbidity Survey.

Background: The relative risks and benefits of children attending kindergarten or pre-school remain uncertain and controversial. We used data from the Bavarian Pre-School Morbidity Survey (BPMS) to look at the prevalence of developmental impairments in pre-school children entering primary school and to assess if these were correlated with the duration of kindergarten attendance.

Methods: We collected data from all school beginners in the district of Dingolfing, Bavaria from 2004 to 2007 (n = 4,005) and utilised a retrospective cross-sectional study design to review the information.

Human sympathetic nerve biology: parallel influences of stress and epigenetics in essential hypertension and panic disorder.

Patients with panic disorder provide a clinical model of stress. On a "good day," free from a panic attack, they show persistent stress-related changes in sympathetic nerve biology, including abnormal sympathetic nerve single-fiber firing ("salvos" of multiple firing within a cardiac cycle) and release of epinephrine as a cotransmitter. The coreleased epinephrine perhaps originates from in situ synthesis by phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT).

Health service utilization in patients with major depression and co-morbid pain.

Aims: Patients with depression often have co-morbid pain symptoms. However, rates of service utilization by psychiatric in-patients with co-morbid pain symptoms are unknown. The purpose of this study is to estimate whether patients with major depression and co-morbid pain access medical treatment for their pain as much as their counterparts with psychiatric diagnoses other than major depression.

Chronic mental stress is a cause of essential hypertension: presence of biological markers of stress.

1. In searching for biological evidence that essential hypertension is caused by chronic mental stress, a disputed proposition, parallels are noted with panic disorder, which provides an explicit clinical model of recurring stress responses. 2.

Increased brain serotonin turnover in panic disorder patients in the absence of a panic attack: reduction by a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Since the brain neurotransmitter changes characterising panic disorder remain uncertain, we quantified brain noradrenaline and serotonin turnover in patients with panic disorder, in the absence of a panic attack. Thirty-four untreated patients with panic disorder and 24 matched healthy volunteers were studied. A novel method utilising internal jugular venous sampling, with thermodilution measurement of jugular blood flow, was used to directly quantify brain monoamine turnover, by measuring the overflow of noradrenaline and serotonin metabolites from the brain.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the lipid profile of patients taking clozapine.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the lipid-lowering properties of omega-3 fatty acids (also known as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in a group of patients taking clozapine.

Method: Twenty-eight persons suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and currently taking clozapine participated in an open-label single-arm trial. Participants received supplements of 10 g of fish oil (containing 1.

The neuronal noradrenaline transporter, anxiety and cardiovascular disease.

Panic disorder can serve as a clinical model for testing whether mental stress can cause heart disease. Potential neural mechanisms of cardiac risk are the sympathetic activation during panic attacks, continuing release of adrenaline as a co-transmitter in the cardiac sympathetic nerves, and impairment of noradrenaline neuronal reuptake, augmenting sympathetic neural respnses. The phenotype of impaired neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline: an epigenetic mechanism? We suspect that this phenotype, in sensitizing people to heart symptom development, is a cause of panic disorder, and by magnifying the sympathetic neural signal in the heart, underlies increased cardiac risk.

Psychophysiological mechanisms in panic disorder: a correlative analysis of noradrenaline spillover, neuronal noradrenaline reuptake, power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, and psychological variables.

Background: The risk of adverse clinical cardiac events is increased in patients with panic disorder (PD). We evaluated possible mechanistic links between PD and heart disease. We estimated cardiac vagal activity from heart rate variability (HRV) measurements and quantified sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity using plasma noradrenaline tracer kinetics methodology.

Single-unit analysis of sympathetic nervous discharges in patients with panic disorder.

Patients with panic disorder are at increased cardiac risk. While the mechanisms responsible remain unknown, activation of the sympathetic nervous system may be implicated. Using isotope dilution methodology, investigations of whole-body and regional sympathetic nervous activity have failed to show any differences between patients with panic disorder and healthy subjects.

Cardiac sympathetic nerve biology and brain monoamine turnover in panic disorder.

Panic disorder serves as a clinical model for testing whether mental stress can cause heart disease. Our own cardiologic management of panic disorder provides case material of recurrent emergency room attendances with angina and electrocardiogram ischemia, triggered arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation), and documented coronary artery spasm, in some cases with coronary spasm being complicated by coronary thrombosis. Application of radiotracer catecholamine kinetics and clinical microneurography methodology suggests there is a genetic predisposition to panic disorder that involves faulty neuronal norepinephrine uptake, possibly sensitizing the heart to symptom generation.