Strategies for producing probiotic biomass and postbiotics from Akkermansia muciniphila in submerged cultivations incorporating prebiotic sources.

This research propounds an innovative technology focused on sustainability to increase the biomass yield of Akkermansia muciniphila, the next-generation probiotic, using prebiotic sources to replace or reduce animal mucin levels. A series of experimental design approaches were developed aiming to optimize the growth of Akkermansiamuciniphila by incorporating extracts of green leafy vegetables and edible mushroom into the cultivation media. Experiments using kale extract (KE), Brassica oleracea L.

β-(1 → 3)(1 → 6)glucan from Schizophyllum commune 227E.32: High yield production via glucose/xylose co-metabolization.

A co-metabolization of xylose and glucose by Schizophyllum commune 227E.32 wild mushroom for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is presented. Cultivations performed with S.

Pre-clinical evidence for the therapeutic effect of Pitaya () on diabetic intestinal microenvironment.

Intestinal glucose absorption plays a central role in the regulation of glucose plasmatic; however, current clinical management does not target the gut for treating diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of peel and pulp aqueous extract from on human enterocytes under high glucose concentration. Anti-hyperglycemic and antiobesity activities were also evaluated.

Effects of bioactive compounds from Pleurotus mushrooms on COVID-19 risk factors associated with the cardiovascular system.

Mushrooms are a group of fungi with great diversity and ultra-accelerated metabolism. As a consequence, mushrooms have developed a protective mechanism consisting of high concentrations of antioxidants such as selenium, polyphenols, β-glucans, ergothioneine, various vitamins and other bioactive metabolites. The mushrooms of the Pleurotus genus have generated scientific interest due to their therapeutic properties, especially related to risk factors connected to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Mycotechnology to remove of metals from tannery and galvanic effluents - Fungal species from the Amazon and Atlantic Forest show high efficiency.

Metals are considered one of the biggest environmental problems, due to their toxicity and the complexity of removal. This study evaluated the bioaccumulation capacity of water contaminating metals by fungal isolates of Lentinus and Panus species, to elucidate the bioremediation processes of metal contaminated effluents. Initially, tests were performed with fungal isolates using a mixture of metals, aluminum, iron, copper, lead, chromium, nickel and zinc.

Pleurotus albidus (Agaricomycetes) Antioxidant Action Induces Vasodilation in Aorta Arteries: The Influence of the NADPH/NOS Balance.

The main objective of this work was to evaluate whether Pleurotus albidus extract exerts influences on aorta artery tone by its antioxidant properties. The hearts and aortic arteries of male Wistar rats were removed for use in biochemical analysis and vascular reactivity. Both tissues were exposed to P.

Taxonomy, comparative genomics and evolutionary insights of Penicillium ucsense: a novel species in series Oxalica.

The genomes of two Penicillium strains were sequenced and studied in this study: strain 2HH was isolated from the digestive tract of Anobium punctatum beetle larva in 1979 and the cellulase hypersecretory strain S1M29, derived from strain 2HH by a long-term mutagenesis process. With these data, the strains were reclassified and insight is obtained on molecular features related to cellulase hyperproduction and the albino phenotype of the mutant. Both strains were previously identified as Penicillium echinulatum and this investigation indicated that these should be reclassified.

Analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes and sugar transporters in Penicillium echinulatum: A genome-wide comparative study of the fungal lignocellulolytic system.

Penicillium echinulatum 2HH is an ascomycete well known for its production of cellulolytic enzymes. Understanding lignocellulolytic and sugar uptake systems is essential to obtain efficient fungi strains for the production of bioethanol. In this study we performed a genome-wide functional annotation of carbohydrate-active enzymes and sugar transporters involved in the lignocellulolytic system of P.

Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Mycelia and Basidiomes of Oyster Mushrooms Pleurotus spp. (Agaricomycetes) from Brazil.

This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and phenolic profile of nine strains of Pleurotus spp. isolated in southern Brazil. Basidiomes were obtained from a solid-state culture in medium containing Pinus sp.

Production of antimicrobial metabolites against pathogenic bacteria and yeasts by Fusarium oxysporum in submerged culture processes.

The antimicrobial activity of the metabolites produced by Fusarium oxysporum PR-33 in submerged culture was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Metabolites were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. An extract was obtained following the removal of mycelium by centrifugation and lyophilisation of the supernatant.

Lignin nanoparticles enter the scene: A promising versatile green tool for multiple applications.

Strategies to take advantage of residual lignin from industrial processes are well regarded in the field of green chemistry and biotechnology. Quite recently, researchers transformed lignin into nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanofilms, nanocapsules and nanotubes, attracting increasing attention from the scientific community. Lignin nanoparticles are seen as green way to use high-value renewable resources for application in different fields because recent studies have shown they are non-toxic in reasonable concentrations (both in vitro and in vivo assays), inexpensive (a waste generated in the biorefinery, for example, from the bioethanol platform) and potentially biodegradable (by fungi and bacteria in nature).

Gene Regulatory Networks of 2HH and 114-2 Inferred by a Computational Biology Approach.

2HH and 114-2 are well-known cellulase fungal producers. However, few studies addressing global mechanisms for gene regulation of these two important organisms are available so far. A recent finding that the 2HH wild-type is closely related to leads to a combined study of these two species.

Chemical features and antioxidant profile by Schizophyllum commune produced on different agroindustrial wastes and byproducts of biodiesel production.

Schizophyllum commune VE_07 was produced in different culture media containing pine sawdust (PS), grape residue (GR), cotton cake (CC) and jatropha seed cake (JC). The content of phenolics and antioxidant activity were determined for the substrates and mushrooms produced. The content of ß-glucans and the composition of S.

Lipid-lowering effect of Pinus sp. sawdust and Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of diet supplementations on biochemical, hematological, and redox metabolism parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Healthy male Wistar rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were provided diets supplemented with 20% of Pinus sp. sawdust or Pycnoporus sanguineus mycelium for 4 weeks.

Chemical features and bioactivity of grain flours colonized by macrofungi as a strategy for nutritional enrichment.

Agaricus blazei, Auricularia fuscosuccinea and Pleurotus albidus mycelia were obtained in solid-state cultivation (SSC), using grains (brown rice, canjica corn and wheat) as raw material. Colonized grain flours were analysed for their nutritional, physical and physico-chemical characteristics and biological activity in vitro. Wheat flour with P.

New two-stage pretreatment for the fractionation of lignocellulosic components using hydrothermal pretreatment followed by imidazole delignification: Focus on the polysaccharide valorization.

The combination of hydrothermal pretreatment followed by delignification with imidazole was evaluated for the first time as a potential selective two-stage fractionation for elephant grass, aiming at obtaining pure fractions susceptible to conversion to high value-added products. In addition, the recovery of cellulose and hemicelluloses and enzymatic hydrolysis yield of pretreated elephant grass were evaluated. Hydrothermal pretreatment at 180 °C under non-isothermal conditions allowed obtaining a liquor rich mainly in xylo- and glucooligosaccharides, as well as pentoses.

Upscale and characterization of lignin-modifying enzymes from Marasmiellus palmivorus VE111 in a bioreactor under parameter optimization and the effect of inducers.

Testing different pHs, dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperatures, plus the addition of inducers, to optimize ligninolytic enzyme activity, resulted in increased production of laccases, total peroxidases and manganese peroxidases on the order of 2.1-fold, 4.6-fold and 10-fold, respectively; laccases reached 6588 U/mL, total peroxidases reached 3533 U/mL and manganese peroxidase achieved 60 U/mL.

Fermentation of hexoses and pentoses from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates into ethanol by Spathaspora hagerdaliae.

The present study evaluated 13 strains of yeast for ethanol and xylitol production from xylose. Among them, Spathaspora hagerdaliae UFMG-CM-Y303 produced ethanol yields (Y) of 0.25 g g and 0.

Integrated production of second generation ethanol and lactic acid from steam-exploded elephant grass.

Elephant grass was subjected to steam explosion to enhance cellulose accessibility and convert it into ethanol. After catalyzed pretreatment at 190 °C for 5 min, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out using high rate of solid loading combined with different enzyme dosages. Assays employing 20% (w/v) solids loading and an enzyme dosage of 20 FPU g substrate led to a yield of 86.

Modulates Mitochondrial Metabolism Disrupted by Hyperglycaemia in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells.

Hyperglycaemia exacerbates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to the multiple complications associated with diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also known to be associated with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the effect of extract on the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hyperglycaemia in EA.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe as an Efficient Yeast to Convert Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreated with Ionic Liquids in Ethanol.

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with ionic liquids (ILs) has been extensively studied, being regarded as one of the most promising methods for obtaining fermentable sugars. In this research, it was investigated the production of ethanol from sugars released from sugarcane bagasse pretreated with the ionic liquids [Cmim][OAc] and [Cmim][OAc], hydrolysed with Penicillium echinulatum enzymes and using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Yields of about 43 and 56% of ethanol were observed for S.

Production of ethanol and xylitol by Trametes membranacea.

The potential to produce ethanol and xylitol from xylose by the macro basidiomycete Trametes membranacea was evaluated. All strains studied showed ethanol and xylitol production. The highest ethanol production of xylose was obtained by T.

Preparation of cashew gum-based flocculants by microwave- and ultrasound-assisted methods.

In this work, copolymers based on cashew gum (CG) grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) were synthesized by microwave- and ultrasound-assisted methods, using potassium persulfate as an initiator in aqueous medium. The graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The efficiency of the graft copolymers (CG-g-PAM) in flocculation of a kaolin suspension was studied.