Treatment of Young Permanent Avulsed Teeth with Multidisciplinary Approach-A Case Report.

Dental trauma very commonly comprises lesions that affect the teeth and their supporting structures. In pediatric ages, the main reasons for dental trauma are falls and accidents at school and while practicing recreative activities and sports. Fortunately, dental avulsions are not common; however, they are key factors in the loss of teeth if the issue is not adequately treated in a quick way, so is very important for parents, teachers, or any person that is present with a child during the accident to have knowledge about dental trauma, specifically regarding avulsed teeth, since the best treatment is reimplantation.

A detailed quantitative analysis of circulating T peripheral and follicular helper lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction And Objective: Peripheral and follicular helper T lymphocytes (Tph and Tfh, respectively) have an important role in B cell immune responses and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although several studies on the number of Tph and Tfh cells in these conditions have been published, different phenotypes have been employed for their analysis. In this study, we assessed the levels and function of Tph and Tfh cells in blood samples from patients with RA and SLE by using an extended immunophenotype.

α-IRAK-4 Suppresses the Activation of RANK/RANKL Pathway on Macrophages Exposed to Endodontic Microorganisms.

Periapical lesions are common pathologies affecting the alveolar bone, often initiated by intraradicular lesions resulting from microbial exposure to dental pulp. These microorganisms trigger inflammatory and immune responses. When endodontic treatment fails to eliminate the infection, periapical lesions persist, leading to bone loss.

Analysis of T follicular and T peripheral helper lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Purpose: Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have an important role in the induction of humoral immune responses and autoantibody production. Accordingly, it is feasible that this lymphocyte subset has a relevant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). In this study we aim to analyze the levels and function of Tph cells in blood samples from patients with AITD.

Increased IL-12p70 and IL-8 Produced by Monocytes in Response to spp. and spp. Causals of Endodontic Primary Infections.

We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without spp.

Levels of Pathogenic Th17 and Th22 Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized, among others, by tissue damage and activation/differentiation of proinflammatory lymphocytes. Accordingly, several studies have concluded that type 17 T helper (Th17) cells seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of this condition. However, the strategy for the identification and analysis of proinflammatory Th17 cells in those studies has not been consistent and has usually been different from what was originally described.

Increased levels of pathogenic Th17 cells and diminished function of CD69+ Treg lymphocytes in patients with overweight.

A low-grade inflammatory phenomenon is a feature of overweight and metabolic syndrome. The involvement of a pro-inflammatory Th17 lymphocyte subset and the CD69+ T regulatory (Treg) cell subtype in patients with metabolic dysfunction associated with or without overweight has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative and functional analysis of pathogenic Th17 lymphocytes and CD69+ Treg cells in patients with metabolic dysfunction (insulin resistance and dyslipidemia).

Root canal microorganisms and their antibiotic susceptibility in patients with persistent endodontic infections, with and without clinical symptoms.

Secondary/persistent infections are present in teeth with previous root canal treatment, and a great variety of anaerobic microorganisms has been observed in these infections. The antibiotics prescription is occasional; however, in some cases, it is essential, particularly when the general health condition of the patient is compromised. The aims of this study were to identify the associated microorganisms in diagnosis of persistent or secondary apical periodontitis and to evaluate the susceptibility level to the antibiotics most used.

Evaluation of in vitro biofilm elimination of Enterococcus faecalis using a continuous ultrasonic irrigation device.

This study sought to evaluate biofilm elimination using the HBW Ultrasonic Ring based on continuous ultrasonic irrigation. Forty-five premolars and molars with complex curvatures were included. An Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was established for 30 days on the extracted teeth.

[Células T reguladoras en lupus eritematoso generalizado].

El lupus eritematoso generalizado (LEG) es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica caracterizada por la pérdida de la tolerancia a los antígenos propios y la síntesis de diferentes autoanticuerpos con la formación y depósito de complejos inmunes y el daño de múltiples órganos. Las células T reguladoras (Treg) desempeñan un papel esencial en el mantenimiento de la tolerancia periférica, controlan el estado de activación del sistema inmune y limitan las respuestas autoinmunes. El estudio del número y la función de las diferentes subpoblaciones de células Treg en LEG ha sido objeto de una intensa investigación.

Aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and antibiotic sensitivity of odontogenic maxillofacial infections.

This study aimed to identify the aerobic and anaerobic causal microorganisms of odontogenic infections and their antibiotic sensitivity. Purulent exudates were taken from patients with odontogenic infections by transdermal puncture, and aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were identified using biochemical tests. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method; the inhibition halos were measured according to NCCLS, and based on the results, the microorganisms were classified as susceptible, intermediate or resistant to each antibiotic.

Analysis of Sodium Chloride Intake and Treg/Th17 Lymphocytes in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

We assessed different immune parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with low (LSI) and high (HSI) sodium intake. Thirty-eight patients with RA, thirty-seven with SLE, and twenty-eight healthy subjects were studied and classified as LSI or HSI. Levels and suppressive function of CD4CD25Foxp3 and CD4CD69Foxp3 Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry in blood samples.

Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis Show Diminished Levels and Defective Suppressive Function of Tr1 Regulatory Lymphocytes.

Context: T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes (CD4+CD49+LAG-3+IL-10+) that exert a considerable immunosuppressive effect. However, their possible role in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) has not been explored so far.

Purpose: To analyze the levels and function of Tr1 cells in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue of patients with AITD.

Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Show Increased Levels and Defective Function of CD69 T Regulatory Cells.

T regulatory (Treg) cells have a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A CD4CD69 T cell subset has been described that behaves as Treg lymphocytes, exerting an important immune suppressive effect. In this study, we analyzed the levels and function of CD4CD69 Treg cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Pathogenic Th17 and Th22 cells are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.

Purpose: To study the levels of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Th17 and Th22 cells in autoimmune thyroid disorders patients. Although Th17 cells seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune disorders, the specific subsets of these lymphocytes have not been analyzed in this condition.

Methods: We assessed the levels of Th17 (pathogenic and non-pathogenic) and Th22 cells in peripheral blood and thyroid glands of autoimmune thyroid disorders patients (n   =  26, 16 with Graves' disease and 10 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis) and 15 healthy controls by multi-parametric flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy.

Expression and Function of the Costimulatory Receptor SLAMF1 Is Altered in Lymphocytes From Patients With Autoimmune Thyroiditis.

Context: Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 1 (SLAMF1) is a costimulatory receptor expressed by most immune cells. Its role in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is not well known.

Objective: To analyze the expression and function of the costimulatory receptor SLAMF1 in lymphocytes of patients with AITD.

Quantitative and functional analysis of CD69 T regulatory lymphocytes in patients with periodontal disease.

Background: Periodontal disease is chronic inflammatory process that affects the attachment structures of the teeth and constitutes a significant cause of tooth loss in adults. Although different bacteria play an important role in the triggering of this condition, the progression and severity of the disease are strongly affected by the host immune response, which is under the control of different immune regulatory mechanisms, including T regulatory (Treg) cells. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and function of CD69 Treg lymphocytes in patients with chronic periodontal disease.

Levels of regulatory T cells CD69(+)NKG2D(+)IL-10(+) are increased in patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD). New subsets of CD4(+)CD69(+) and CD4(+)NKG2D(+) T lymphocytes that behave as regulatory cells have been recently reported. The role of these immunoregulatory lymphocytes has not been previously explored in AITD.