Accumulation of Alpha-Synuclein and Increase in the Inflammatory Response in the , Jejunum, and Colon in a Model of O Pollution in Rats.

This work aimed to study the effect of repeated exposure to low doses of ozone on alpha-synuclein and the inflammatory response in the , jejunum, and colon. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Each group received one of the following treatments: The control group was exposed to air.

Changes in SOD and NF-κB Levels in and the Intestine through Oxidative Stress Effects in a Wistar Rat Model of Ozone Pollution.

This work aimed to elucidate how O pollution causes a loss of regulation in the immune response in both the brain and the intestine. In this work, we studied the effect of exposing rats to low doses of O based on the association between the antioxidant response of superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and the nuclear factor kappa light chains of activated B cells (NFκB) as markers of inflammation. Method: Seventy-two Wistar rats were used, divided into six groups that received the following treatments: Control and 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days of O.

Ozone Environmental Pollution: Relationship between the Intestine and Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Repeated exposure to environmental ozone causes a chronic state of oxidative stress. This state is present in chronic degenerative diseases and induces a loss of control of the inflammatory response. Redox system dysfunction and failures in control of inflammatory responses are involved in a vicious circle that maintains and increases the degenerative process.

Ozone Pollution, Oxidative Stress, Regulatory T Cells and Antioxidants.

Ozone pollution, is a serious health problem worldwide. Repeated exposure to low ozone doses causes a loss of regulation of the oxidation-reduction systems, and also induces a chronic state of oxidative stress. This fact is of special importance for the regulation of different systems including the immune system and the inflammatory response.

Chronic exposure to ozone induces cardiac antioxidant response and overexpression of either mitochondrial fision protein DRP1 and hipertrophyc-related proteins.

Pollution is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms to explain this relationship are not well understood; ozone is one of the most abundant and studied air contaminants. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic exposition of rats to controlled low doses of ozone on oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dynamics, and cardiac hypertrophy. Male Wistar rats were daily exposed to low ozone doses during 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, 4 h/day.

Oxidative Stress Caused by Ozone Exposure Induces Changes in P2X7 Receptors, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration in the Rat Hippocampus.

Low-ozone doses cause alterations in the oxidation-reduction mechanisms due to the increase in reactive oxygen species, alter cell signaling, and produce deleterious metabolic responses for cells. Adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) can act as a mediator in intercellular communication between neurons and glial cells. When there is an increase in extracellular ATP, a modification is promoted in the regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, by affecting the intracellular signaling pathways that participate in these processes.

Effect of daytime-restricted feeding in the daily variations of liver metabolism and blood transport of serotonin in rat.

The biogenic amine serotonin is a signaling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and nervous tissue. In nervous system, serotonin and its metabolites are under the control of the circadian timing system, but it is not known if daily variations of serotonin exist in the liver. To explore this possibility, we tested if the rhythmic pattern of serotonin metabolism was regulated by daytime restricted feeding (DRF) which is a protocol associated to the expression of the food entrained oscillator (FEO).

Molecular and biochemical modifications of liver glutamine synthetase elicited by daytime restricted feeding.

Background & Aims: The circadian clock system in the liver plays important roles in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis. Restricted feeding schedules (RFS) become an entraining stimulus that promotes adaptations that form part of an alternative circadian clock known as the food entrained oscillator (FEO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the daily variations of glutamine synthetase (GS) in liver under a daytime RFS.

Crayfish brain-protocerebrum and retina show serotonergic functional relationship.

The results from various studies have indicated possible functional relationships between crayfish electroretinogram (ERG) rhythmic amplitude changes and the serotonergic pathways projecting from the central brain through the optic neuropils to the eye, but to date, this functional interaction has not been proven. Here, in a set of experiments using an isolated eyestalk-brain preparation, we investigated whether there is a circadian input from the brain to retina that regulates this rhythm. We sought to determine whether the protocerebral bridge (PB) stimulation affects the ERG amplitude in accordance with the zeitgeber time (ZT) and whether 5-HT modulates the associate input.