Quantifying the effect of nutritional interventions on metabolic resilience using personalized computational models.

The manifestation of metabolic deteriorations that accompany overweight and obesity can differ greatly between individuals, giving rise to a highly heterogeneous population. This inter-individual variation can impede both the provision and assessment of nutritional interventions as multiple aspects of metabolic health should be considered at once. Here, we apply the Mixed Meal Model, a physiology-based computational model, to characterize an individual's metabolic health A population of 342 personalized models were generated using data for individuals with overweight and obesity from three independent intervention studies, demonstrating a strong relationship between the model-derived metric of insulin resistance (ρ = 0.

Plasma Levels of Triglycerides and IL-6 Are Associated With Weight Regain and Fat Mass Expansion.

Context: Long-term weight loss (WL) maintenance is the biggest challenge for overweight and obesity because of the almost unavoidable phenomenon of partial or even total weight regain (WR) after WL.

Objective: In the present study we investigated the relations of (the changes of) adipocyte size and other risk biomarkers with WR during the follow-up of the Yoyo dietary intervention.

Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 48 overweight/obese participants underwent a very-low-calorie diet to lose weight, followed by a weight-stable period of 4 weeks and a follow-up period of 9 months.

The association of changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters between adults with overweight or obesity and their children in a family-based randomized trial (DiOGenes).

Background: Family-based approaches have been reported to be effective in improving overweight or obesity in children.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship of changes in body mass index and metabolic parameters between adults with overweight or obesity and their children during a weight-maintenance family-based dietary intervention.

Methods: In a multicentre randomized controlled trial, families with at least one parent with overweight or obesity and one healthy child aged between 5 and 18 years, of which the parents completed an 8-week weight-loss phase successfully, were randomized into five different dietary intervention groups to achieve weight maintenance for 6 months.

Physical Activity, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance in the DiOGenes Multicenter Trial.

In this secondary analysis of the DiOGenes study, we investigated whether physical activity (PA) contributes to diet-induced weight loss and helps to reduce subsequent regain. We also studied the associations of PA with changes in cardiometabolic variables. Adults with overweight were included and followed an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD).

Diet Composition, Glucose Homeostasis, and Weight Regain in the YoYo Study.

Based on several randomized clinical trials, it has been suggested that baseline glucose homeostasis interacts with the influence of diet composition on weight loss and weight loss maintenance. In this secondary analysis of the YoYo study, a study investigating predictors of weight loss maintenance, we tested the hypothesis that (self-selected) dietary carbohydrate and/or fibre intake interact with the glucose homeostasis parameters for weight loss maintenance. Sixty-one overweight or obese individuals lost around 10 kg of body weight on an energy-restricted diet and were then followed for 9 months.

Effect of exercise training before and after bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We aimed to assess the effectiveness of exercise training programs in adults with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. A systematic search of controlled trials published up to October 2019 that assigned participants to either a preoperative or postoperative exercise training group or a nonexercise group was performed. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.

Exercise training in the management of overweight and obesity in adults: Synthesis of the evidence and recommendations from the European Association for the Study of Obesity Physical Activity Working Group.

There is a need for updated practice recommendations on exercise in the management of overweight and obesity in adults. We summarize the evidence provided by a series of seven systematic literature reviews performed by a group of experts from across Europe. The following recommendations with highest strength (Grade A) were derived.

Effect of exercise on cardiometabolic health of adults with overweight or obesity: Focus on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and intrahepatic fat-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review examined the impact of exercise intervention programs on selected cardiometabolic health indicators in adults with overweight or obesity. Three electronic databases were explored for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included adults with overweight or obesity and provided exercise-training interventions. Effects on blood pressure, insulin resistance (homeostasis model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR), and magnetic resonance measures of intrahepatic fat in exercise versus control groups were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses.

Effect of exercise training on psychological outcomes in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study systematically identified the effects of exercise on multiple psychological outcomes among adults with overweight/obesity, also assessing whether these effects differed across exercise types, genders, age, and body mass index (BMI) categories. Pubmed, Web of Science, PsychInfo, and SportDiscus were searched up to October 2019 for peer-reviewed papers assessing exercise training effects on psychosocial outcomes in adults with overweight/obesity. Thirty-six articles, 32 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), were included in this review.

Effect of exercise training on weight loss, body composition changes, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: An overview of 12 systematic reviews and 149 studies.

This overview of reviews aimed to summarize the effects of exercise training programs on weight loss, changes in body composition, and weight maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity. A systematic search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR-MAs) published between 2010 and December 2019 was performed. Only SR-MAs of controlled trials were included.

Effective behavior change techniques to promote physical activity in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Multicomponent behavior change interventions are typically used in weight management, but results are largely heterogeneous and modest. Determining which techniques (behavior change technique [BCTs]) are more effective in changing behavior is thus required. This study aimed to identify the most effective BCTs for increasing physical activity (PA) in digital and face-to-face behavior change interventions in adults with overweight/obesity.

Effect of exercise training interventions on energy intake and appetite control in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review examined the impact of exercise training interventions on energy intake (EI) and appetite control in adults with overweight/obesity (≥18 years including older adults). Articles were searched up to October 2019. Changes in EI, fasting appetite sensations, and eating behavior traits were examined with random effects meta-analysis, and other outcomes were synthesized qualitatively.

Effect of different types of regular exercise on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta-analyses.

This systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity.

Dietary carbohydrates and weight loss maintenance.

Purpose Of Review: Aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the effect of manipulating dietary carbohydrates (content, type) after a period of weight loss on weight loss maintenance and its potential underlying mechanisms.

Recent Findings: Few recent studies directly tested whether lower carbohydrate/glycaemic load or higher fibre diets help to limit weight regain after weight loss and they did not provide evidence supporting a role of a reduction of the carbohydrate or an increase of the fibre content of the diet in the prevention of weight regain after weight loss. Some evidence is emerging that personal characteristics (gut microbiota, glycaemia) may interact with diet composition.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Vitamin D has been suggested to affect peripheral insulin sensitivity. Evidence regarding the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity is still conflicting.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity in humans with or at risk for insulin resistance.

Stratifying cellular metabolism during weight loss: an interplay of metabolism, metabolic flexibility and inflammation.

Obesity is a global epidemic, contributing significantly to chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Metabolic flexibility, the ability of organisms to switch between metabolic substrates, is found to be impaired in obesity, possibly contributing to the development of chronic illnesses. Several studies have shown the improvement of metabolic flexibility after weight loss.

Associations between the proportion of fat-free mass loss during weight loss, changes in appetite, and subsequent weight change: results from a randomized 2-stage dietary intervention trial.

Background: Dynamic changes in body composition which occur during weight loss may have an influential role on subsequent energy balance behaviors and weight.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to consider the effect of proportionate changes in body composition during weight loss on subsequent changes in appetite and weight outcomes at 26 wk in individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention.

Methods: A subgroup of the Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes) study (n = 209) was recruited from 3 European countries.

A computational model of postprandial adipose tissue lipid metabolism derived using human arteriovenous stable isotope tracer data.

Given the association of disturbances in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism with the development of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, computational models of glucose-insulin dynamics have been extended to account for the interplay with NEFA. In this study, we use arteriovenous measurement across the subcutaneous adipose tissue during a mixed meal challenge test to evaluate the performance and underlying assumptions of three existing models of adipose tissue metabolism and construct a new, refined model of adipose tissue metabolism. Our model introduces new terms, explicitly accounting for the conversion of glucose to glyceraldehye-3-phosphate, the postprandial influx of glycerol into the adipose tissue, and several physiologically relevant delays in insulin signalling in order to better describe the measured adipose tissues fluxes.

Adipose tissue contribution to plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 and fibroblast activation protein in obesity.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important regulator of energy metabolism. FGF21 is inactivated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP). We investigated whether FGF21 and/or FAP are secreted from human white adipose tissue of individuals with obesity by measuring total FGF21, active FGF21, and FAP concentrations in arterialized blood and venous blood draining the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (scAT).

Adipocyte abundances of CES1, CRYAB, ENO1 and GANAB are modified in-vitro by glucose restriction and are associated with cellular remodelling during weight regain.

Long-term weight loss maintenance is a problem of overweight and obesity. Changes of gene expression during weight loss (WL) by calorie restriction (CR) are linked to the risk of weight regain (WR). However, detailed information on genes/proteins involved in the mechanism is still lacking.

Mechanisms of weight regain after weight loss - the role of adipose tissue.

One of the biggest challenges in the management of obesity is the prevention of weight regain after successful weight loss. Weight regain after weight loss has large interindividual variation. Although many factors probably contribute to this variation, we hypothesize that variability in biological responses associated with weight loss-induced shrinking of subcutaneous adipocytes has an important role.

Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Its Association with Body Weight, Blood Pressure, Lipid Profile, and Leptin in Indonesian Adults.

It was previously reported that dietary intake is an important trigger for systemic inflammation and one of the lifestyle factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile and leptin in an Indonesian population. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 503 Indonesian adults.