Vesicoscopic bladder neck procedure in children: what we have learned from the first series.

Objective: To assess the results of endoscopic bladder neck procedure on the anterior bladder wall in children.

Materials And Methods: Surgery is done in the lithotomy position using three 5-mm ports. The bladder is insufflated with CO2.

Introducing the HOPE (Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation)-score: a validation study of an objective scoring system for evaluating cosmetic appearance in hypospadias patients.

Objective: To determine the reliability and internal validity of the Hypospadias Objective Penile Evaluation (HOPE)-score, a newly developed scoring system assessing the cosmetic outcome in hypospadias.

Patients And Methods: The HOPE scoring system incorporates all surgically-correctable items: position of meatus, shape of meatus, shape of glans, shape of penile skin and penile axis. Objectivity was established with standardized photographs, anonymously coded patients, independent assessment by a panel, standards for a "normal" penile appearance, reference pictures and assessment of the degree of abnormality.