Influence of Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene on Adiposity and Cardiac Function in Patients with Heart Failure.

Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4340) is associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). This polymorphism may contribute to a greater propensity for severe HF and excess weight.

Objective: To evaluate adiposity, cardiac function, and their association with ACE I/D polymorphism in HF patients.

Association between isolated or combined malnutrition and sarcopenia and quality of life in heart failure outpatients: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with symptoms linked to worse quality of life. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are conditions frequently found in patients with HF. This study aims to evaluate the association between isolated or combined malnutrition and sarcopenia and quality of life in outpatients with HF.