Melorheostosis of the cervical and cervicothoracic spine: review of the literature and presentation of 3 new cases.

Melorheostosis is a rare dysplastic bone disease that usually affects long bones at the upper or lower limbs. It is rarely seen at the spine and very rarely located at the cervical spine. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently 6 cases of melorheostosis described at the cervical spine.

Forensic age estimation of adolescents using computed tomography of the clavicles.

In forensic age estimation, CT imaging of the clavicles is used to determine an age over completed 21 years. If ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis is complete, young men are assumed to be over 21 years of age. The aim of this study is to check the statistical parameters (specificity, predictive probability) for the characteristic "completed ossification of the medial clavicles".

Bone marrow disease in rhabdomyosarcoma visualized by 2-[F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Bone marrow metastases-noted in 6% of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma-have been linked to very poor outcomes. Bilateral bone marrow sampling from iliac crests has been the gold standard for bone marrow examination in rhabdomyosarcoma, but sampling errors due to patchy bone marrow involvement may limit its sensitivity. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull base and multiple 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[F]FDG)-avid bone marrow metastases visualized by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (2-[F]FDG PET/CT).

[Bone-RADS: Diagnostic algorithm for management of incidental solitary bone lesions].

The bone reporting and data system (Bone-RADS) is a guideline of the Society of Skeletal Radiology for the standardized assessment of incidentally found solitary bone lesions. It consists of basic definitions and continuative algorithms for the radiological diagnosis of bone lesions in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This Continuing Medical Education (CME) article gives a compact summary of the Bone-RADS classification for users.

Laboratory Findings, Medical Imaging, and Clinical Outcome in Children with Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis.

Introduction:  Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare disease, especially in children. Therefore, thrombophilia markers, risk factors, treatment strategy, and MRI, as well as clinical outcome need further investigation to support future diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for children.

Methods:  We retrospectively identified all children with CSVT treated in our center between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015.

Successful Secondary Endovascular Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Venous Thromboembolic Events.

Background:  In the past, pediatric patients with venous thromboembolic events (VTE) were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) which was successful in around 70% of the cases. However, anticoagulation alone might not restore patency in all patients, and advanced therapeutic options to prevent postthrombotic syndrome are needed. During recent years, endovascular interventions have become a treatment option for pediatric patients with persistent thrombotic occlusion, not only in life- or limb-threatening VTE.

Unusual course of disease and genetic profile in Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated osteosarcoma - a case report.

Background: Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumour associated with numerous and complex genetic alterations like copy number alterations. Recent whole genome studies revealed distinct mutations in several candidate oncogenes. While clinical parameters stratify osteosarcoma patients in risk groups, genetic profiles have not yet been used to tailor tumour treatment.

[Musculoskeletal manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen's disease) and tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's disease)].

Clinical Problem: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and tuberous sclerosis (TS) are among the most common genetic diseases. Bone and soft tissue manifestations are common disease manifestations.

Standard Radiological Procedure And Evaluation: The standard radiological procedure is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Clinicopathologic characteristics, metastasis-free survival, and skeletal-related events in 628 patients with skeletal metastases in a tertiary orthopedic and trauma center.

Background: Skeletal-related events (SREs) due to bone metastases (BM) significantly impact the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. The present study sought to investigate clinicopathological characteristics, metastasis-free survival (MFS), and SREs in patients referred to a tertiary orthopedic and trauma center.

Methods: Data were retrieved from electronic health records (n=628).

[Tumor-like bony lesions of the skeleton].

Tumor-like bony lesions are, by definition bony lesions, which can be clinically, radiologically and histologically mistaken for real bone tumors. This article presents the aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), solitary bone cyst (SBC), fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia Campanacci and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF). Many tumor-like bony lesions are often incidental findings.

[Tumor-like bony lesions of the skeleton].

Tumor-like bony lesions are, by definition bony lesions, which can be clinically, radiologically and histologically mistaken for real bone tumors. This article presents the aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), solitary bone cyst (SBC), fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia Campanacci and non-ossifying fibroma (NOF). Many tumor-like bony lesions are often incidental findings.

Anatomical Reconstruction of the Acromion Using an Autologous Iliac Crest Graft for Treatment of Recurrent Chondroblastoma: A Case Report.

Case: A 38-year-old man presented with recurrent chondroblastoma of the acromion after primary curettage and bone grafting. The patient underwent revision surgery with resection of the acromion and reconstruction using an autologous iliac crest graft. He had regained normal shoulder function without recurrence at a follow-up of 17 months.

Clinical and radiographical ten years long-term outcome of microfracture vs. autologous chondrocyte implantation: a matched-pair analysis.

Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiographical long-term outcome of microfracture (MFX) and first-generation periosteum-covered autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-P).

Methods: All subjects (n = 86) who had been treated with knee joint ACI-P or microfracture (n = 76) with a post-operative follow-up of at least ten years were selected. Clinical pre- and post-operative outcomes were analyzed by numeric analog scale (NAS) for pain, Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC, and KOOS score.

Long-Term Clinical and MRI Results of Matrix-Assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Articular Cartilage Defects of the Knee.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome of matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (mACI) for articular cartilage defects in the knee joint.

Design: Clinical evaluation was assessed in 21 patients with full-thickness cartilage defects, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade IV. Clinical scoring was performed preoperatively and 12 years after transplantation using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Lysholm score, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Noyes sports activity rating scale.

Sporting Activity Is Reduced 11 Years After First-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Knee Joint.

Background: Little is known about long-term sporting activity after periosteal autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-P) and its correlation to clinical, morphological, and ultrastructural cartilage characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose: To evaluate long-term sporting activity after ACI-P and to correlate with clinical and MRI findings.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Treatment of a Focal Articular Cartilage Defect of the Talus with Polymer-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A 12-Year Follow-Up Period.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a first-line treatment option for large articular cartilage defects. Although well-established for cartilage defects in the knee, studies of the long-term outcomes of matrix-assisted ACI to treat cartilage defects in the ankle are rare. In the present report, we describe for the first time the long-term clinical and radiologic results 12 years after polymer-based matrix-assisted ACI treat a full-thickness talar cartilage defect in a 25-year-old male patient.

Non-ossifying fibroma: natural history with an emphasis on a stage-related growth, fracture risk and the need for follow-up.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess and present the radiological morphology of the non-ossifying fibroma (NOF), to describe the life span according to the Ritschl-stages in an effort to determine critical stages with regard to pathological fractures and discuss the need for a follow-up.

Methods: Reports of a consecutive series of 87 patients with 103 NOFs and a mean follow-up of 27 months were analysed according to the Ritschl-stages with regard to age at time of diagnosis, localisation, duration of stage and symptoms.

Results: Mean patient age in our series was 20 years and lesions most frequently affected the long bones of the lower extremity.

Clinical outcome and T2 assessment following autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis in osteochondral lesions of the talus.

Purpose: Scientific evidence for the treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus is limited. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the clinical outcome after a one-step autologous subchondral cancellous bone graft and autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) in medial OCLs of the talus and the assessment of the repair tissue (RT).

Methods: Seventeen patients (eight women, nine men; mean age, 38.

Evaluation and analysis of graft hypertrophy by means of arthroscopy, biochemical MRI and osteochondral biopsies in a patient following autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of a full-thickness-cartilage defect of the knee.

Graft hypertrophy represents a characteristic complication following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treatment of cartilage defects. Although some epidemiological data suggest that incidence is associated with first-generation ACI using autologous chondrocyte implantation, it has also been reported in other technical modifications of ACI using different biomaterials. Nevertheless, it has not been described in autologous, non-periosteum, implant-free associated ACI.

Long-term T2 and Qualitative MRI Morphology After First-Generation Knee Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Cartilage Ultrastructure Is Not Correlated to Clinical or Qualitative MRI Outcome.

Background: There are several reports on long-term clinical outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for knee cartilage defect treatment. Few published articles have evaluated defect quality using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes and the quality of repair tissue (RT) after first-generation periosteum-covered ACI (ACI-P) using qualitative MR outcomes and T2-weighted relaxation times.

Long-term outcomes after first-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation for cartilage defects of the knee.

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) represents an established surgical therapy for large cartilage defects of the knee joint. Although various studies report satisfying midterm results, little is known about long-term outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes after ACI.

Primary bone lymphomas thought to be osteomyelitis urgently demand a rapid diagnosis in bone pathology.

We describe in detail three cases of primary bone lymphoma (PBL), initially treated as osteomyelitis of unknown etiology. These cases show which difficulties can occur with diagnosing this entity and highlight the urgent need for rapid diagnostic results in the field of bone pathology. Case 1: A 22-year-old man with the very rare diagnosis of precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma in the tibia (previously published).