Quantifying brain health in acute ischemic stroke through effective reserve.

Objective: To quantify brain health using a measure of reserve that incorporates pre-existing pathology.

Methods: We analyzed two retrospective ischemic stroke cohorts (GASROS and SALVO) with neuroimaging and 90-day modified Rankin Scores (mRS) available. White matter hyperintensity (WMHv), brain, and intracranial volumes were automatically extracted, and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) calculated.

Multimodal treatment according to the NPC-GPOH trials in adult patients with nasopharyngeal cancer-Analysis based on a single-center experience.

Background And Aim: The German NPC-GPOH trials introduced treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy (RCT) and antiviral treatment in patients aged 25 years or younger with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). We conducted a retrospective study on outcomes of patients at the age of ≥26 years treated accordingly at our institution.

Methods: Consecutive patients who received primary RCT for NPC were included.

Therapeutic Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Limited Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Decade of Analysis at a Tertiary Cancer Center.

In this study, we investigated the outcomes and factors influencing treatment efficacy in 93 patients with limited disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), with a median age of 64 years. We focused on the impact of chemotherapy regimens, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), and patient-related variables. The median follow-up for OS was 17.

Brain volume is a better biomarker of outcomes in ischemic stroke compared to brain atrophy.

Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) has been used as a surrogate measure of global brain atrophy, and as a biomarker of brain reserve in studies evaluating clinical outcomes after brain injury. Total brain volume at the time of injury has recently been shown to influence functional outcomes, where larger brain volumes are associated with better outcomes. Here, we assess if brain volume at the time of ischemic stroke injury is a better biomarker of functional outcome than BPF.

Characterizing coma in large vessel occlusion stroke.

Background: Coma is an unresponsive state of disordered consciousness characterized by impaired arousal and awareness. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of coma in ischemic stroke has been underexplored. We sought to characterize the incidence and clinical features of coma as a presentation of large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke.

Scaling behaviours of deep learning and linear algorithms for the prediction of stroke severity.

Deep learning has allowed for remarkable progress in many medical scenarios. Deep learning prediction models often require 10-10 examples. It is currently unknown whether deep learning can also enhance predictions of symptoms post-stroke in real-world samples of stroke patients that are often several magnitudes smaller.

Neuroimaging markers of patient-reported outcome measures in acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: To determine the relationship between patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and volumetric imaging markers in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Patients And Methods: Patients presenting at Massachusetts General Hospital between February 14, 2017 and February 5, 2020 with a confirmed AIS by MRI were eligible and underwent a telephone interview including PROM-10 questionnaires 3-15 months after stroke. White matter hyperintensity (V) and brain volumes (V) were automatically determined using admission clinical MRI.

Hemostatic radiotherapy in clinically significant tumor-related bleeding: excellent palliative results in a retrospective analysis of 77 patients.

Background: Significant bleeding of tumor sites is a dreaded complication in oncological diseases and often results in clinical emergencies. Besides basic local and interventional procedures, an urgent radiotherapeutic approach can either achieve a bleeding reduction or a bleeding stop in a vast majority of patients. In spite of being used regularly in clinical practice, data reporting results to this therapy approach is still scarce.

Spatial patterns of white matter hyperintensities: a systematic review.

Background: White matter hyperintensities are an important marker of cerebral small vessel disease. This disease burden is commonly described as hyperintense areas in the cerebral white matter, as seen on T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging data. Studies have demonstrated associations with various cognitive impairments, neurological diseases, and neuropathologies, as well as clinical and risk factors, such as age, sex, and hypertension.

Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease-advances since 2013.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is common during ageing and can present as stroke, cognitive decline, neurobehavioural symptoms, or functional impairment. SVD frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease, and can exacerbate cognitive and other symptoms and affect activities of daily living. Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging 1 (STRIVE-1) categorised and standardised the diverse features of SVD that are visible on structural MRI.

Network-Based Differences in Top-Down Multisensory Integration between Adult ADHD and Healthy Controls-A Diffusion MRI Study.

Background: Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder neurobiologically conceptualized as a network disorder in white and gray matter. A relatively new branch in ADHD research is sensory processing. Here, altered sensory processing i.

The relevance of rich club regions for functional outcome post-stroke is enhanced in women.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of stroke lesions in predefined highly interconnected (rich-club) brain regions on functional outcome post-stroke, determine their spatial specificity and explore the effects of biological sex on their relevance. We analyzed MRI data recorded at index stroke and ~3-months modified Rankin Scale (mRS) data from patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the multisite MRI-GENIE study. Spatially normalized structural stroke lesions were parcellated into 108 atlas-defined bilateral (sub)cortical brain regions.

Deep profiling of multiple ischemic lesions in a large, multi-center cohort: Frequency, spatial distribution, and associations to clinical characteristics.

Background Purpose: A substantial number of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) experience multiple acute lesions (MAL). We here aimed to scrutinize MAL in a large radiologically deep-phenotyped cohort.

Materials And Methods: Analyses relied upon imaging and clinical data from the international MRI-GENIE study.

Relation Between Sex, Menopause, and White Matter Hyperintensities: The Rhineland Study.

Background And Objectives: Mounting evidence implies that there are sex differences in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in older people. Questions remain regarding possible differences in WMH burden between men and women of younger age, sex-specific age trajectories and effects of (un)controlled hypertension, and the effect of menopause on WMH. Therefore, our aim was to investigate these sex differences and age dependencies in WMH load across the adult life span and to examine the effect of menopause.

Symptom relief, prognostic factors, and outcome in patients receiving urgent radiation therapy for superior vena cava syndrome : A single-center retrospective analysis of 21 years' practice.

Purpose: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) often results from external vessel compression due to tumor growth. Urgent symptom-guided radiotherapy (RT) remains a major treatment approach in histologically proven, rapidly progressive disease. Despite several publications, recent data concerning symptom relief and oncological outcome as well as potential confounders in treatment response are still scarce.

Sex-specific lesion pattern of functional outcomes after stroke.

Stroke represents a considerable burden of disease for both men and women. However, a growing body of literature suggests clinically relevant sex differences in the underlying causes, presentations and outcomes of acute ischaemic stroke. In a recent study, we reported sex divergences in lesion topographies: specific to women, acute stroke severity was linked to lesions in the left-hemispheric posterior circulation.

Patterns of Pretreatment Diagnostic Assessment in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Special Characteristics in the COVID Pandemic and Influence on Outcomes.

The pandemic raised a discussion about the postponement of medical interventions for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the characteristics of pretreatment diagnostic assessment in the pandemic and the influence of diagnostic assessment on outcomes. A total of 96 patients with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for NSCLC were included.

Identification of Risk Loci for Radiotoxicity in Prostate Cancer by Comprehensive Genotyping of and .

Genetic variability in transforming growth factor beta pathway () was suggested to affect adverse events of radiotherapy. We investigated comprehensive variability in (gene coding for TGFβ1 ligand) and (TGFβ receptor-1) in relation to radiotoxicity. Prostate cancer patients treated with primary radiotherapy ( = 240) were surveyed for acute and late toxicity.

Human microRNA-182-5p and kinectin 1: Potential biomarkers for prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The prognostic impact of hsa-miRNA-182-5p in oral cancer remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of hsa-miRNA-182-5p and its predicted target kinectin 1 (KTN1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Method: Expression level of hsa-miRNA-182-5p was analyzed in tumor tissue (n = 36) and healthy oral mucosal tissue (n = 17) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.