Publications by authors named "Markus S Spurlock"
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is increasingly survivable, but permanently disabling as adult mammalian nervous system does not regenerate. Recently, our group demonstrated transplant location-dependent neuroprotection and safety of clinical trial-grade human neural stem cell (hNSC) transplantation in a rodent model of acute pTBI. To evaluate whether longer injury-transplantation intervals marked by chronic inflammation impede engraftment, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to three sets.
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- Rats that got brain cell transplants were studied to see how the location of the transplant affected their recovery after a brain injury.
- The study found that putting the cells around the injury helped save more brain tissue and improved movement better than putting them directly in the injury.
- This suggests that where you place neural stem cells can really matter when trying to heal brain injuries.
Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) transplantation in several brain injury models has established their therapeutic potential. However, the feasibility of hNSCs transplantation is still not clear for acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) brain injury that needs external decompression. Thus, the aim of this pilot study was to test feasibility using a rat ASDH decompression model with two clinically relevant transplantation methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old, worldwide. Independent of the distribution, outcomes such as disability are associated with huge societal costs. The heterogeneity of TBI and its complicated biological response have helped clarify the limitations of current pharmacological approaches to TBI management.
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- Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) significantly contributes to death and disability in the U.S., and inflammasomes play a crucial role in the inflammatory response mediated by interleukin-1β following such injuries.
- In a study involving male Sprague-Dawley rats, researchers examined the expression of inflammasome components and related proteins after brain injury, finding peaks in certain protein expressions at 48 hours post-injury.
- The research identified specific cell types, particularly activated microglia, that exhibited sustained inflammasome activation, indicating a prolonged inflammatory state conducive to potential therapeutic interventions for PTBI.
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is unmitigated by any available therapies to date. Therefore, we evaluated human neural stem cell (hNSC) engraftment to putatively exploit the potential of cell therapy that has been seen in other central nervous system injury models.
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- Cerebral microdialysis (MD) is a laboratory technique used to study changes in physiological conditions related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is effectively applied in clinical settings for monitoring severe TBI patients.
- In a study using an acute subdural hematoma rat model, biomarkers like UCH-L1 and GFAP were measured, revealing that preoperative hypothermia significantly reduced neuronal and glial damage during the reperfusion phase.
- Advances in MD technology allow for real-time assessment of metabolic and ischemic markers, indicating its increasing importance and potential for improving clinical outcomes in TBI management.
The prognosis for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with subdural hematoma (SDH) remains poor. In accordance with an increasing elderly population, the incidence of geriatric TBI with SDH is rising. An important contributor to the neurological injury associated with SDH is the ischemic damage which is caused by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) producing impaired cerebral perfusion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is still the leading cause of disability in young adults worldwide. The major mechanisms - diffuse axonal injury, cerebral contusion, ischemic neurological damage, and intracranial hematomas have all been shown to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in some form. Mitochondrial dysfunction in TBI patients is an active area of research, and attempts to manipulate neuronal/astrocytic metabolism to improve outcomes have been met with limited translational success.
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