Storylines of extreme precipitation events and flood impacts in alpine and pre-alpine environments under various global warming levels.

Exploring the impacts of extreme weather events has gained increased attention in recent years after repeated record-breaking events, such as unprecedented river flood events in central Europe in summer 2021. After the flood event, risk management institutions, such as for example, fire brigades, civil protection units, or natural hazard experts asked if it was possible to predict the impacts of such an unprecedented event ex-ante and if similar events could occur elsewhere or if climatic changes can even worsen extreme flood events. Here, we present an approach to explore storylines of physically plausible extreme river flood events in a warming climate.

How flood risks shape policies: flood exposure and risk perception in Swiss municipalities.

Despite an increasing number of people exposed to flood risks in Europe, flood risk perception remains low and effective flood risk management policies are rarely implemented. It becomes increasingly important to understand how local governments can design effective flood risk management policies to address flood risks. In this article, we study whether high flood exposure and flood risk perception correlate with the demand for a specific design of flood risk management policies.

Large ensemble flood loss modelling and uncertainty assessment for future climate conditions for a Swiss pre-alpine catchment.

Information on possible changes in future flood risk is essential for successful adaptation planning and risk management. However, various sources of uncertainty arise along the model chains used for the assessment of flood risk under climate change. Knowledge on the importance of these different sources of uncertainty can help to design future assessments of flood risk, and to identify areas of focus for further research that aims to reduce existing uncertainties.

Flood risk (d)evolution: Disentangling key drivers of flood risk change with a retro-model experiment.

Flood risks are dynamically changing over time. Over decades and centuries, the main drivers for flood risk change are influenced either by perturbations or slow alterations in the natural environment or, more importantly, by socio-economic development and human interventions. However, changes in the natural and human environment are intertwined.

Synthesis and incorporation into DNA of a chemically stable, functional abasic site analogue.

[reaction: see text] The abasic site building block 7 for DNA synthesis, containing a methylenephosphinic acid group at C3', was prepared in six steps and was incorporated into DNA via a combination of H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite chemistry. Corresponding oligodeoxynucleotides were shown to be chemically stable under basic conditions and fully functional at the respective hemiacetal center.

Synthesis of a cyclopentane amide DNA analogue and its base pairing properties.

cpa-DNA monomers containing the bases adenine and thymine have been synthesized starting from the known compound 1 in 12 steps. Partially and fully modified cpa-thymidine and cpa-adenosine containing oligodeoxynucleotides were synthesized by standard oligonucleotide chemistry. Fully modified homo-cpa-A sequences lead to duplex destabilization by -1.

Synthesis of cyclopentane amide DNA (cpa-DNA) and its pairing properties.

We recently reported on the synthesis and pairing properties of the DNA analogue bicyclo[3.2.1]amide DNA (bca-DNA).