Determination of pKa values by liquid chromatography.

In this paper, we investigate the potential of a high-performance liquid chromatography technique to determine pKa values of drug candidates that show poor solubility in water. The determination of pKa values by this method is in principle not new, but it exhibits simplicity, requires lower quantities of drugs and solvents, and minimal analysis time. The method is an alternative to existing methodology, in which this determination is not readily feasible.

Cyclic AMP increases rat inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RIAP1) mRNA in renal mesangial cells.

Background: The cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) pathway plays a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Cyclic AMP has been identified as a bifunctional regulator of apoptosis. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) regulates apoptosis by directly inhibiting distinct caspases.

Regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis expression by nitric oxide and cytokines: relation to apoptosis induction in rat mesangial cells and raw 264.7 macrophages.

Mesangial cells and RAW 264.7 macrophages respond to different nitric oxide (NO) donors within 16 to 24 h or 6 to 8 h, respectively, with apoptotic cell death. RAW 264.