The utility of the autism-spectrum quotient to screen for autism spectrum disorder in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The co-occurrence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to be highly prevalent in adults. However, very few studies have assessed the usefulness of screening instruments to detect this co-occurrence, particularly when screening for ASD in the context of ADHD. Our study aimed at assessing the utility of the autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) as a screening tool of ASD in a sample of 153 adults referred for ADHD assessment.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

This special issue of Biomedicines on Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD): "From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches", is a precursor of what we hope will develop into a thriving and inspiring transdisciplinary field, including genetics, psychiatry, neurology, as well as basic and applied neurosciences and molecular biology in the research area [...

Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Inappropriate Medication in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities in a Hospital Setting in Switzerland.

Polypharmacy and inappropriate prescription are frequent in vulnerable and multi-morbid populations. Adults with intellectual disability (ID) are at risk of being polymedicated because they often present with multiple comorbidities and challenging behaviors. The objective of this study was thus to evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and polypharmacy in a hospital unit dedicated to adults with ID.

TOP-ID: a Delphi technique-guided development of a prescription and deprescription tool for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Objectives: Adults with an intellectual disability (AWID) are often polymedicated because of somatic and psychiatric health problems. Besides, they may display challenging behaviours, leading to off-label prescription of psychotropic drugs, without efficacy and with numerous adverse effects. In this context, a prescription/deprescription tool (Tool for Optimising Prescription in Intellectual Disability/TOP-ID) was developed to improve the care of AWID.

Effect of Ketamine on Rumination in Treatment-Resistant Depressive Patients.

Background: A rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine has repeatedly been documented in the literature, and identifying clinical features associated with a better response to this treatment is currently an essential question. Considering the relationship between rumination and depression and the need to identify potential predictors of response to ketamine, we analyzed the effect of a single injection of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg on rumination in treatment-resistant depressive (TRD) patients and explored whether baseline ruminative style and early improvements of rumination would predict a greater antidepressant effect of ketamine.

[Drug management of behavioral disorders in people with developmental and intellectual disability].

Behavioral disorders in people with developmental and intellectual disability are frequent but their management is rarely taught. This article is to help primary physicians prescribe drug treatment. We will also discuss the key elements of two of the most commonly used classes of drugs, taking into account the patient's co-morbidities, contraindications and the main side effects.

Pain interventions in adults with intellectual disability: A scoping review and pharmacological considerations.

Background And Objective: Having to deal on a daily routine with prescriptions in adults with intellectual disability (ID), we systematically reviewed the literature on the specificities of pain interventions in that population, focusing on medication and trying to gather practical information on appropriate pain treatments. Given the scarcity of the literature on the topic, we also discussed the pharmacological considerations to be taken into account when prescribing analgesic drugs in that vulnerable population.

Databases And Data Treatment: Articles on pain and ID were searched in the Medline and Google scholar electronic databases using the key words "Intellectual Disability," "Developmental Disability" and specific keywords for pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain interventions.

[Facilitating access to somatic care for adults suffering from severe mental disabilities].

For the purpose of improving the management of somatic disorders among patients suffering from severe intellectual development and autism spectrum disorders, a specific admissions mechanism has been implemented at Geneva University Hospitals (HUG). The Adult Psychiatric Hospital Unit (UPHA), a complex intervention unit, collaborates with HUG's Disability Program. From May 2018 to May 2019, 29 requests for hospitalizations were accepted.

Increased Reactivity of the Mesolimbic Reward System after Ketamine Injection in Patients with Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder.

What We Already Know About This Topic: The antidepressant effect of ketamine is associated with increased activity in the reward circuitry of the brain and a suppression of circuitry that mediates perceptual processing of negative emotions. The duration of ketamine effect on these brain structures remains to be defined.

What This Article Tells Us That Is New: As expected, ketamine administration led to an improvement in mood and global vigilance.

[Intellectual disability: contribution of genetic studies to the etiological diagnosis].

The multidiscipinary care of patients with intellectual disability requires a structured and systematic etiological process. Today, advances in technology make it possible to perform diagnostic genetic analyzes that are highly contributive in this process. The CGH-array (Comparative Genomic Hybridization array) makes it possible to search for chromosomal anomalies with a very high level of resolution; high throughput sequencing can detect gene abnormalities on the whole exome or on a panel of genes.

Novel NEXMIF pathogenic variant in a boy with severe autistic features, intellectual disability, and epilepsy, and his mildly affected mother.

Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders are complex neurodevelopmental disorders occurring among all ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Pathogenic variants in the neurite extension and migration factor (NEXMIF) gene (formerly named KIAA2022) on the X chromosome are responsible for ID, autistic behavior, epilepsy, or dysmorphic features in males. Most affected females described had a milder phenotype or were asymptomatic obligate carriers.

Development of inhibitory synaptic inputs on layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.

Inhibitory control of pyramidal neurons plays a major role in governing the excitability in the brain. While spatial mapping of inhibitory inputs onto pyramidal neurons would provide important structural data on neuronal signaling, studying their distribution at the single cell level is difficult due to the lack of easily identifiable anatomical proxies. Here, we describe an approach where in utero electroporation of a plasmid encoding for fluorescently tagged gephyrin into the precursors of pyramidal cells along with ionotophoretic injection of Lucifer Yellow can reliably and specifically detect GABAergic synapses on the dendritic arbour of single pyramidal neurons.

[Adults with intellectual disability : actual concepts and clinical challenges].

The condition of the adult with intellectual disability (AWID) includes the largely autonomous, integrated person but also the one in need of constant support, with grossly altered communication abilities, frequently affected by somatic and mental comorbidities and non-adapted behaviors. Their prevalence is about 1 % of the adult population. They should benefit from particular attention of health care professionals, including in mental health.

Predicting Mood Changes in Bipolar Disorder through Heartbeat Nonlinear Dynamics.

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by an alternation of mood states from depression to (hypo)mania. Mixed states, i.e.

Using venlafaxine to treat behavioral disorders in patients with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: To test the efficacy of venlafaxine at a dose of 18.75 mg/day on the reduction of behavioral problems such as irritability and hyperactivity/noncompliance in patients with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our secondary hypothesis was that the usual doses of zuclopenthixol and/or clonazepam would decrease in the venlafaxine-treated group.

Telemonitoring with respect to mood disorders and information and communication technologies: overview and presentation of the PSYCHE project.

This paper reviews what we know about prediction in relation to mood disorders from the perspective of clinical, biological, and physiological markers. It then also presents how information and communication technologies have developed in the field of mood disorders, from the first steps, for example, the transition from paper and pencil to more sophisticated methods, to the development of ecological momentary assessment methods and, more recently, wearable systems. These recent developments have paved the way for the use of integrative approaches capable of assessing multiple variables.

[Treating depression: decision analysis for the general practitioner].

Unipolar depression is among the leading causes of invalidity and disability-adjusted life-years. General practitioners frequently encounter patients suffering from depressive syndromes and very often, it's they, who make the initial diagnosis, take care of these patients, eventually prescribe an antidepressant treatment, identify difficult cases and address them to the specialists of mental health. In this article, we present concepts of diagnosis and differential diagnoses of depression, its therapy and the collaboration between the general practitioner and the psychiatrist/psychotherapist.

[Treatment resistant depression: therapy and novel neuromodulatory treatments].

Unipolar depression is among the leading cause of invalidity and disability-adjusted life-years. Many depressed patients do not respond to several antidepressant treatments. Several treatments have been investigated in resistant depression using electrical or magnetic stimulation of the brain.

Brain stimulation therapies for neuropsychiatric disease.

ECT is a well-established, effective, and safe treatment for many neuropsychiatric conditions, especially major depression. However, ECT is also associated with a high relapse rate, notable side-effects, and significant social stigma. Additionally, ECT is ineffective in a sizable minority of patients.

Salivary cortisol profiles in patients remitted from recurrent depression: one-year follow-up of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy trial.

Few studies have examined changes of diurnal cortisol profiles prospectively, in relation to non-pharmacological interventions such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT). Fifty-six patients remitted from recurrent depression (≥3 episodes) were included in an 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing MBCT plus treatment as usual (TAU) with TAU for depression relapse prophylaxis. Saliva samples (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 min post-awakening, 3 PM, 8 PM) were collected on six occasions (pre- and post-intervention, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month follow-up).

Chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression increases regional cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in depressed patients. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by [(99m)Tc]-HMPAO-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after 10weeks of VNS in patients participating in an open, uncontrolled European multi-center study investigating efficacy and safety of VNS. Patients suffered from major depression, with a baseline score of≥20 on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and had been unsuccessfully treated with at least two adequately prescribed antidepressant drugs.