Effect of normobaric hypoxic exercise on blood pressure in old individuals.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the combination of endurance training and hypoxia leads to greater improvements in resting and exercise blood pressure in old sedentary individuals compared to endurance training only.

Methods: We randomly assigned 29 old overweight participants (age: 62 ± 6 years, body mass index (BMI): 28.5 ± 0.

Everyday Pedelec Use and Its Effect on Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines.

Pedelecs (e-bikes with electrical support up to 25 km·h) are important in active transportation. Yet, little is known about physiological responses during their everyday use. We compared daily pedelec (P) and bicycle (B) use to determine if pedelecs are a suitable tool to enhance physical activity.

Influences of Hypoxia Exercise on Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity and Oxidative Metabolism in Older Individuals.

Context: Aging is a primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Both exercise and hypoxia regulate pathways that ameliorate age-associated metabolic muscle dysfunction.

Objective: We hypothesized that the combination of hypoxia and exercise would be more effective in improving glucose metabolism than normoxia exercise.

Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responses to cycling with superimposed electromyostimulation.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of superimposed electromyostimulation (E) during cycling on the acute hormonal and metabolic response, as E might be a useful tool to intensify endurance training without performing high external workloads.

Methods: Thirteen subjects participated in three experimental trials each lasting 60 min in a randomized order. (1) Cycling (C), (2) cycling with superimposed E (C + E) and (3) E.