Determining the Agreement Between an Automated Respiratory Rate Counter and a Reference Standard for Detecting Symptoms of Pneumonia in Children: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), primarily pneumonia, are the leading infectious cause of under-5 mortality worldwide. Manually counting respiratory rate (RR) for 60 seconds using an ARI timer is commonly practiced by community health workers to detect fast breathing, an important sign of pneumonia. However, correctly counting breaths manually and classifying the RR is challenging, often leading to inappropriate treatment.

2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis.

Objective: To update the 2012 EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods: Following the EULAR standardised operating procedures, a systematic literature review was performed. Members of a multidisciplinary Task Force voted independently on their level of agreeement with the formed statements.

Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal.

Accurate assessments of drinking water quality, household hygenic practices, and the mindset of the consumers are critical for developing effective water intervention strategies. This paper presents a microbial quality assessment of 512 samples from household water storage containers and 167 samples from points of collection (POC) in remote rural communities in the hilly area of western Nepal. We found that 81% of the stored drinking water samples (mean log of all samples = 1.

Factors shaping community patterns of protists and bacteria on a European scale.

Factors shaping community patterns of microorganisms are controversially discussed. Physical and chemical factors certainly limit the survival of individual taxa and maintenance of diversity. In recent years, a contribution of geographic distance and dispersal barriers to distribution patterns of protists and bacteria has been demonstrated.

Limited Ability of Three Health Literacy Screening Items to Identify Adult English- and Spanish-Speaking Emergency Department Patients With Lower Health Literacy.

Study Objective: Brief, easily administered, and valid health literacy assessment tools are needed to optimize health care delivery in the emergency medicine setting. Three health literacy screening items have been proposed to assess health literacy in outpatient settings. We investigated their ability to identify English- and Spanish-speaking adult emergency department (ED) patients with lower health literacy.

Filling gaps in type 1 diabetes and exercise research: a scoping review and priority-setting project.

Our team examined the characteristics of patient engagement (PE) practices in exercise-based randomized trials in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and facilitated T1D stakeholders in determining the top 10 list of priorities for exercise research. Two methodological approaches were employed: a scoping review and a modified James Lind Alliance priority-setting partnership. Published (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Central databases) and grey literature (www.

Tuberculosis Transmission or Mortality Among Persons Living with HIV, USA, 2011-2016.

Background: Persons living with HIV are more likely to have tuberculosis (TB) disease attributed to recent transmission (RT) and to die during TB treatment than persons without HIV. We examined factors associated with RT or mortality among TB/HIV patients.

Methods: Using National TB Surveillance System data from 2011 to 2016, we calculated multivariable adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 99% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate associations between patient characteristics and RT or mortality.

Large-Scale Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Genetic Architecture of Primary Membranoproliferative GN and C3 Glomerulopathy.

Background: Primary membranoproliferative GN, including complement 3 (C3) glomerulopathy, is a rare, untreatable kidney disease characterized by glomerular complement deposition. Complement gene mutations can cause familial C3 glomerulopathy, and studies have reported rare variants in complement genes in nonfamilial primary membranoproliferative GN.

Methods: We analyzed whole-genome sequence data from 165 primary membranoproliferative GN cases and 10,250 individuals without the condition (controls) as part of the National Institutes of Health Research BioResource-Rare Diseases Study.

The screening and management of newborns at risk for low blood glucose.

Hypoglycemia in the first hours to days after birth remains one of the most common conditions facing practitioners across Canada who care for newborns. Many cases represent normal physiologic transition to extrauterine life, but another group experiences hypoglycemia of longer duration. This statement addresses key issues for providers of neonatal care, including the definition of hypoglycemia, risk factors, screening protocols, blood glucose levels requiring intervention, and managing care for this condition.

Screen of traditional soup broths with reported antipyretic activity towards the discovery of potential antimalarials.

Objective: The global impact of artemisinin-based combination therapies on malaria-associated mortality and their origins in ancient Chinese medicine has heightened interest in the natural discovery of future antimalarials.

Methods: A double-blind study to identify potential ingredients with antimalarial activity from traditional remedies with reported antipyretic properties. Recipes of clear broths, passed down by tradition in families of diverse ethnic origin, were sourced by school children.

Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.

The American Thoracic Society, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Respiratory Society, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored this new practice guideline on the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB).

A Retrospective Analysis of Nursing Home to ED Transfer Correspondence Length and ED Length of Stay.

Objectives: To describe a) the length of nursing home (NH) to emergency department (ED) transfer correspondences and b) determine the relationship between NH-ED transfer correspondence length and ED length of stay (LOS).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study that examined the health records of NH patients who visited one of three Rhode Island EDs included in the study. We used descriptive statistics to examine correspondence length and ED LOS and median quantile regression to evaluate the association between correspondence length and ED LOS.

Status of Water Safety Plan Development and Implementation in Uganda.

Uganda was among the first countries in Africa that pioneered Water Safety Plan (WSP) development and implementation, with the first WSP dating back to 2002. The objective of this study was to assess WSP status in Uganda, focusing on the experience of the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), in order to understand the factors that influenced it and strategies for scaling-up. This study consisted of a review of documentation for 20 WSPs, 42 interviews, a focus group discussion and four field visits.

Comparative Modeling of Tuberculosis Epidemiology and Policy Outcomes in California.

Mathematical modeling is used to understand disease dynamics, forecast trends, and inform public health prioritization. We conducted a comparative analysis of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and potential intervention effects in California, using three previously developed epidemiologic models of TB. To compare the influence of various modeling methods and assumptions on epidemiologic projections of domestic latent TB infection (LTBI) control interventions in California.

GAPcare: The Geriatric Acute and Post-Acute Fall Prevention Intervention in the Emergency Department: Preliminary Data.

Objectives: We aimed to describe a new multidisciplinary team fall prevention intervention for older adults who seek care in the emergency department (ED) after having a fall, assess its feasibility and acceptability, and review lessons learned during its initiation.

Design: Single-blind randomized controlled pilot study.

Setting: Two urban academic EDs PARTICIPANTS: Adults 65 years old or older (n = 110) who presented to the ED within 7 days of a fall.

Healthcare facility-based strategies to improve tuberculosis testing and linkage to care in non-U.S.-born population in the United States: A systematic review.

Context: An estimated 21% of non-U.S.-born persons in the United States have a reactive tuberculin skin test (TST) and are at risk of progressing to TB disease.