Mapping the Bulgarian Diabetes Register to OMOP CDM: Application Results.

Background: The Bulgaria Diabetes Register (BDR) contains more than 380 millions of pseudonymized outpatient records with proprietary data structures and format.

Objectives: This paper presents the application results and experience acquired during the process of mapping such observational health data to OMOP CDM with the objective of publishing it in the European Health Data and Evidence Network (EHDEN) Portal.

Methods: The data mapping follows the activities of the well-structured Extract-Transform-Load process.

Drug Utilisation Patterns of Alternatives to Ranitidine-Containing Medicines in Patients Treated with Ranitidine: A Network Analysis of Data from Six European National Databases.

Introduction: Ranitidine, a histamine H-receptor antagonist (HRA), is indicated in the management of gastric acid-related disorders. In 2020, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommended suspension of all ranitidine-containing medicines in the European Union (EU) due to the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurities, which were considered to be carcinogenic. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of regulatory intervention on use patterns of ranitidine-containing medicines and their therapeutic alternatives.

Impact of European Union Label Changes for Fluoroquinolone-Containing Medicinal Products for Systemic and Inhalation Use: Post-Referral Prescribing Trends.

Introduction: Concerns of the persistence and severity of the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones, mainly involving the nervous system, muscles and joints, resulted in the 2018 referral procedure led by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). They advised to stop prescribing fluoroquinolones for infections of mild severity or of a presumed self-limiting course and for prevention of infections, plus to restrict prescriptions in cases of milder infections where other treatment options are available, and restrict in at-risk populations. We aimed to examine whether the impact of EMA regulatory interventions implemented throughout 2018-2019 had an impact on fluoroquinolone prescribing rates.

Incidence of second primary malignancies in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients in England.

Background: Treatments for relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may be associated with an increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). Currently available SPM incidence benchmarks are unreliable due to small sample sizes.

Methods: The Cancer Analysis System (CAS), a population-level cancer database in England, was used to identify patients with incident B-cell NHL diagnosed during 2013-2018 with evidence of r/r disease.

Should cholangiography be part of the management of every patient with percutaneous cholecystostomy?

Introduction: Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PCC) is a well-established treatment in patients with high surgical risk and those who failed conservative treatment. However, the role of cholangiography in the management of PCC patients is not clear. In our medical center, cholangiography is routinely performed before discharging patient with PCC.

System of Criteria for Treatment Evaluation of Acromegaly in Bulgaria.

Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder caused by excessive and longstanding secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary somatotroph and resulting from this overproduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 hormone (IGF-1) by the liver. There are few registers and rather limited clinical data about acromegaly treatment. The analysis of acromegaly data is rarely subject to a system of criteria for evaluating acromegaly treatment.

Optimizing the yield of A-polar GaAs nanowires to achieve defect-free zinc blende structure and enhanced optical functionality.

Compound semiconductors exhibit an intrinsic polarity, as a consequence of the ionicity of their bonds. Nanowires grow mostly along the (111) direction for energetic reasons. Arsenide and phosphide nanowires grow along (111)B, implying a group V termination of the (111) bilayers.

[CONSTRUCTION OF A TEST-SYSTEM WITH NANOPARTICLES OF COLLOID SILVER FOR DETECTION OF PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS AND INTESTINAL YERSINIOSIS FOR CAUSATIVE AGENTS IN DOT-IMMUNOASSAY].

Aim: Construction of an immunologic test-system for detection of causative agents of enteropathogenic Yersinia (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica) by dot-immunoassay.

Materials And Methods: Nenoparticles of colloid silver sized 5-9 nm were used as a marker of specific antibodies.

Chitin and Products of Its Hydrolysis in Vibrio cholerae Ecology.

The role of chitin and its hydrolysis products generated by Vibrio cholerae chitinases in mechanisms of its adaptation in water environments, metabolism, preservation, acquisition of pathogenic potential, and its epidemiological value are reviewed. Chitin utilization by V. cholerae as a source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen is described.

[Cholera Vibrio biofilm: production, characterization and role in reservation of causative agent in water environment].

Aim: Experimental production, characterization and evaluation of the role of cholera vibrio biofilm.

Materials And Methods: 33 strains of Vibrio cholerae eltor O1 and V. cholerae O139 of various epidemic significance and origin were studied in a series of experiments by bacteriologic, microscopic (light-optic, luminescent, scanning electron microscopy), molecular genetics, spectrophotometric and statistical methods.

[Membrane-bound proteases of ompT+ and ompT- Vibrio cholerae strains].

Aim: Detection ofproteases in outer membranes (OM) of ompT+ and ompT- Vibrio cholerae strains of O1 and O139 serogroups.

Materials And Methods: Specific sterile preparations of OM were obtained by lysis of live V. cholerae cells by 4.

[Experimental non-culturable Vibrio cholerae eltor and its biological properties].

In experiments with the cultivation of V. cholerae eltor under the conditions of high salt concentration, as well as low temperature and deficiency in nutrient substances, uncultivable forms (UF) of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrios were obtained. The absence of growth of seeded vibrios after the filtration of samples (with a filter of 0.

[Use of specific antibodies labelled with colloid silver particles for detection of Brucella antigens with dot immune analysis].

Fitness of dot immuno-analysis for detection of Brucella antigens labeled with colloid silver is evaluated. Soluble lipopolysaccharides and protein-saccharide antigen and corpuscular antigens of 22 Brucella strains (7 species) pathogenic for humans and animals in the S and R forms were used. The specificity of the method was tested on 10 heterologous microorganisms whose antigens were closely related.

[Detection of brucella antigens with colloid metal particles as markers for specific antigens].

Gold and silver sols were comparatively approved as markers of specific IgG isolated from hyperimmune Brucella antisera for the detection of brucellar antigens. The sensitivity of the test system using gold immunosol proved to be some higher (3.1-9.

[Detection of Brucella antigens by dot immunoassay using specific antibodies labelled with colloid gold particles].

Dot immunoassay was developed to improve the quality of laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis. Particles of colloid gold were used as a marker of specific antibodies. The method was used for detecting Brucella antigens in artificially contaminated environmental objects (soil and water) and in biological material (milk, blood serum, and visceral homogenates of animals).

[Use of protein-polysaccharide Brucella antigen labeled with colloidal gold for detection of specific antibodies by the dot-immunoassay method].

Antibrucella antibodies were detected by dot-immunoassay with colloid gold label of antigen. The specific antigen was protein-polysaccharide complex (PPC) isolated from vaccine strain Brucella abortus 19 BA by acetic acid hydrolysis of bacterial cells. Dot immunoassay with PPC labeled with colloid gold was effective in testing cattle, rabbit, and human sera for antibrucella antibodies.

[Use of specific antibodies, labeled with colloidal gold particles, for the detection of Brucella antigens using dot-immunoassay].

The method of dot immunoassay with the use specific antigens, labeled with colloidal gold particles, for the detection of brucellar antigens was developed and tested under laboratory and field conditions. In this work soluble antigens isolated from different Brucella species and corpuscular antigens (13 strains belonging to 7 species of the genus Brucella, most pathogenic for humans and animals in the S- and R-forms) were used. The method was tested in the study of pathological material obtained from sick animals and humans in a farm with unfavorable situation for brucellosis in the Irkutsk Region.

[The characteristics of the protectiveness of a preparation of Vibrio cholerae outer membrane based on the data from a study using the ligated intestinal loop].

The study aimed at finding out the antiadhesive capacity of antigenic preparation, earlier obtained from V. cholerae outer membrane and highly effective with respect to cholera infection, was undertaken. The study was made on previously immunized adult rabbits who had been subjected to laparotomy under anesthesia and the ligation of intestinal loops, subsequently inoculated with the broth culture of V.

[The outer membranes of Vibrio cholerae as a potential component in a chemical vaccine].

The results of the study of the preparation of V. cholerae eltor membrane, obtained by the lysis and inactivation of microbial cells with urea and the subsequent differential centrifugation and nuclease treatment. As revealed in this study, the outer membrane preparation, when introduced parenterally and orally to mice, induced pronounced immunity to experimental cholera infection and the production of vibriocidal antibodies in high titers.

[The use of gel chromatography for the isolation of biologically active toxin complex from Bacillus anthrax].

The multistep fractioning of the protein components from cultural filtrate of B. anthracis grown on casaminoacids containing medium was done. The scheme for preliminary purification of a toxin complex of B.