Temporal variations of atmospheric aerosol in four European urban areas.

Purpose: The concentrations of PM(10) mass, PM(2.5) mass and particle number were continuously measured for 18 months in urban background locations across Europe to determine the spatial and temporal variability of particulate matter.

Methods: Daily PM(10) and PM(2.

Source category-specific PM2.5 and urinary levels of Clara cell protein CC16. The ULTRA study.

Introduction: We have previously reported that outdoor levels of fine particles (PM(2.5), diameter <2.5 microm) are associated with urinary CC16, a marker for lung damage, in Helsinki, Finland, but not in the other two ULTRA cities (Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Erfurt, Germany).

Dependence of home outdoor particulate mass and number concentrations on residential and traffic features in urban areas.

The associations between residential outdoor and ambient particle mass, fine particle absorbance, particle number (PN) concentrations, and residential and traffic determinants were investigated in four European urban areas (Helsinki, Athens, Amsterdam, and Birmingham). A total of 152 nonsmoking participants with respiratory diseases, not exposed to occupational pollution, were included in the study, which comprised a 7-day intensive exposure monitoring period of both indoor and home outdoor particle mass and number concentrations. The same pollutants were also continuously measured at ambient fixed sites centrally located to the studied areas (fixed ambient sites).

Can we identify sources of fine particles responsible for exercise-induced ischemia on days with elevated air pollution? The ULTRA study.

Epidemiologic studies have shown that ambient particulate matter (PM) has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Effective mitigation of the health effects requires identification of the most harmful PM sources. The objective of our study was to evaluate relative effects of fine PM [aerodynamic diameter View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Source-specific fine particles in urban air and respiratory function among adult asthmatics.

Fine and ultrafine particles in ambient air are more consistently associated with severe adverse health effects than coarse particles. We assessed whether the effects of PM(2.5) on peak expiratory flow (PEF) and respiratory symptoms in asthma patients differ by the source or the chemical properties of particles.

Personal, indoor, and outdoor exposures to PM2.5 and its components for groups of cardiovascular patients in Amsterdam and Helsinki.

The aim of the investigation was to assess the relations between pairs of personal, indoor, and outdoor levels of fine particles and their components with respect to effects for older subjects with cardiovascular disease. In the framework of a study funded by the European Union (Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air; referred to as ULTRA)*, panel studies were conducted in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Helsinki (Finland). Concentrations of outdoor particulate matter 2.

Relationship between different size classes of particulate matter and meteorology in three European cities.

Evidence on the correlation between particle mass and (ultrafine) particle number concentrations is limited. Winter- and spring-time measurements of urban background air pollution were performed in Amsterdam (The Netherlands), Erfurt (Germany) and Helsinki (Finland), within the framework of the EU funded ULTRA study. Daily average concentrations of ambient particulate matter with a 50% cut off of 2.

Resuspended dust episodes as an urban air-quality problem in subarctic regions.

Objectives: This paper describes the resuspension of road dust in an urban subarctic environment and focuses especially on the effect of wind speed on the formation of resuspended dust episodes.

Methods: The study was conducted in Kuopio, Finland, in the spring of 1995. There were 36 daily measurements of mass concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.