Kinetic and isotherm study for the adsorption of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on activated carbon in the low ng/L range.

Activated carbon adsorption is a widely used technology for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the rapid breakthrough of PFAS in activated carbon filters poses a challenge to meet the very low allowable PFAS concentrations in drinking water, leading to high operational costs. In this study, we conducted batch isotherm and kinetic adsorption experiments using nine different types of PFAS molecules at concentrations typically found in water sources used for drinking water production (0.

Sorption of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and their precursors on activated carbon under realistic drinking water conditions: Insights into sorbent variability and PFAS structural effects.

Recent stringent drinking water quality standards create challenges for water utilities to meet these standards. Advanced treatment techniques will have to be applied on many drinking water production locations to meet these quality standards. This study investigated the sorption of per- and polyfluorinated-alkyl substances (PFAS) onto granular activated carbon (GAC).

Desalination of Complex Multi-Ionic Solutions by Reverse Osmosis at Different pH Values, Temperatures, and Compositions.

For a thorough mechanistic understanding of reverse osmosis (RO), data on ion retention obtained by desalination of multi-ionic solutions are needed. In this paper, we show how to obtain such data under controlled laboratory conditions at any nonextreme pH. For that, we propose a simple method where we use N and CO gas control to set the composition of a gas phase in equilibrium with the feedwater solution.