Shape of the Doppler Sonographic Systolic Blood Flow Profile of the Pulmonary Artery of Healthy Racing Pigeons and the Influence of Anesthesia.

There is scant information available about the blood flow of the pulmonary artery in avian cardiology. In human medicine, the shape of the Doppler sonographic blood flow profile of the pulmonary artery can be used to access the pressure conditions of the right heart. With this background, this study focused on the examination of the acceleration and deceleration phase of the pulsed-wave Doppler flow profile of the pulmonary artery of healthy racing pigeons.

Heterotopic Ossification of the Adductor Muscles in Bald Eagles ().

Diseases of the musculature can be caused, for example, by alimentary or traumatic issues. In three bald eagles with painful lameness and/or a reduced range of the hip joint, a muscular disease was diagnosed via radiographic examination. The eagles were kept in a falconry and trained as demonstration birds, which were displayed on a gloved hand and flown in falconry education programs.

Blood Vessel Topography of the Feet in Selected Species of Birds of Prey and Owls.

Birds of prey and owls are susceptible to diseases of and traumatic injuries to their feet, which regularly require surgical intervention. A precise knowledge of the blood vessel topography is essential for a targeted therapy. Therefore, the metatarsal and digital vasculature was examined in eight species of birds of prey and owls.

Surgical Stabilisation of a Coxofemoral Luxation in a Northern Goshawk () with Transarticular Pinning.

A 3-year-old male northern goshawk () used in falconry for hunting was diagnosed with a craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation of the left leg after an unsuccessful hunting flight. Closed reduction in the dislocation was unsuccessful and the hip joint reluxed again with slight abduction of the limb. An open surgical reduction with a transarticular stabilization using a normogradely inserted Kirschner wire was performed.

Tolerability of Atovaquone-Proguanil Application in Common Buzzard Nestlings.

Differences in drug tolerability among vertebrate groups and species can create substantial challenges for wildlife and ex situ conservation programmes. Knowledge of tolerance in the use of new drugs is, therefore, important to avoid severe toxicity in species, which are both commonly admitted in veterinary clinics and are of conservation concern. Antimalarial drugs have been developed for use in human medicine, but treatment with different agents has also long been used in avian medicine, as haemosporidian infections play a major role in many avian species.

Influence of anesthesia with isoflurane on myocardial velocities of racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica).

Objective: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new technique to measure the myocardial velocities of the avian heart. Using this technique, the present study investigated the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities in racing pigeons.

Material And Methods: Racing pigeons (n = 40) were anesthetized with isoflurane with a semi-open anesthesia system with an anesthetic mask and spontaneous breath.

Analysis of the B-Type Natriuretic Peptide and the Aminoterminal-Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Different Parrot, Raptor and Owl Species.

The B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a member of the natriuretic peptide family and a cardiac hormone, is produced mainly in the ventricular myocytes and released into the circulation due to mechanical stimuli during an increasing cardiac wall stretch. BNP has a significant role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and body fluid. The concentration of this hormone and of the biologically inactive amino-terminal-prohormone in the blood plasma is a helpful diagnostic tool for detecting cardiovascular diseases in human medicine and can be used as a prognostic marker for the risk of mortality, whilst such a tool does not exist for avian medicine.

The prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. in nestlings of three wild raptor species including implications on haematological and blood chemistry values.

Leucocytozoonosis is a vector-borne infection of birds, caused by members of the haemosporidian genus . The clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic to severe disease. Consequences of infection on blood profiles remain to be described, especially for different host species in the wild.

Examination of common swifts (Apus apus) for salmonella shedding in the area of Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Objective: The available literature indicates a high prevalence of the zoonotic pathogen (S.) serovar Infantis in the common swift (). This long-distance migrant, which only consumes aerial plankton, can reach high population densities in places with suitable breeding sites.

Monitoring of Organochlorine Pesticide and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues in Common Swifts () in the Region of Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany.

The use of pesticides is associated with the decline of several avian species. In this study, we monitored the organochlorine contaminants in common swifts () in the years 2016 to 2018. These long-distance migrants breed in Europe and winter in Africa.

Diastolic and Systolic Longitudinal Myocardial Velocities of Healthy Racing Pigeons ( f. domestica) Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging.

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a noninvasive sonographic method of acquiring and quantifying myocardial velocities. This technique is used in human and small animal medicine to diagnose cardiac diseases. Using this technique, we evaluated the longitudinal myocardial peak velocities of the interventricular septum, and the left and right ventricular free walls in the systole and diastole in 40 racing pigeons.

Color Flow Doppler Echocardiography in Healthy Racing Pigeons ( f. domestica) and the Evidence of Physiological Blood Flow Vortex Formations.

In avian medicine, Doppler sonographic techniques are used to visualize and estimate blood flow in the heart. In the literature there is a lack of standardized studies of the use of color Doppler flow on healthy avian species. For this purpose, we examined blood flow in the heart in the four-chamber view of clinically healthy awake racing pigeons ( = 43) by color flow Doppler sonography.

Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba Livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane.

The ventricular filling velocities during diastole and the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on these blood flow velocities of the racing pigeon ( = 43) are evaluated by pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler sonography. Sonographic examination demonstrates an early passive ventricular (E wave) and late active (A wave) ventricular filling. The results indicate differences between the two heart ventricles.

The influence of anesthesia with isoflurane on the pulmonary and aortic blood flow of Racing Pigeons ( f. domestica) measured by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography.

Doppler echocardiographic examinations are an important technique for evaluating the blood flow also in avian cardiology. The influence of anesthesia on the blood flow in the heart is in detail unknown for the most avian species. The present study investigated the influence of an isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic blood flow of the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the area of the heart valves examined by pulsed wave Doppler sonography in Racing Pigeons ( f.

Phylogenetic Analysis Supports Horizontal Transmission as a Driving Force of the Spread of Avian Bornaviruses.

Background: Avian bornaviruses are a genetically diverse group of viruses initially discovered in 2008. They are known to infect several avian orders. Bornaviruses of parrots and related species (Psittaciformes) are causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease, a chronic and often fatal neurologic disease widely distributed in captive psittacine populations.

Mercury concentrations in feathers of Common Swifts (Apus apus).

Mercury (Hg) has been well studied as a bioaccumulated contaminant in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. It has been found to have negative effects on carnivorous and piscivorous bird species with the highest Hg concentrations at the top of the food chain. The objective of this study was to increase our knowledge of mercury exposure in insectivorous birds, especially in a species of the family Apodidae.

[First detection of psittacid herpesvirus 2 in Congo African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus erithacus) associated with pharyngeal papillomas and cloacal inflammation in Germany].

Congo African Grey Parrots (GP; Psittacus erithacus erithacus) from four different avicultures, presented in the Clinic for Exotic Pets, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, showed choanal papillomas or hyperemia of the cloacal mucosa. Histologically, the mucosal choanal proliferations were diagnosed as exophytic papillomas and a mild hyperplasia of the cloacal mucosa with lympho-histiocytic inflammation with no visible inclusion bodies was found. Herpesvirus genome was detected by nested PCR in pooled choanal and cloacal swabs from clinically diseased parrots and healthy contact animals.

Discovery of a new avian bornavirus genotype in estrildid finches (Estrildidae) in Germany.

Avian bornaviruses (ABV) are known to be the causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in parrots and their relatives (Psittaciformes). A broad range of ABV genotypes has been detected not only in psittacine birds, but also in other avian species including canary birds (Serinus canaria forma domestica) and Bengalese finches (Lonchura striata f. dom.

[Congenital cardiac anomalies (pentalogy of Fallot) in a two year old ram with brachygnathia inferior].

In a nearly two-year-old ram, descending from a breeding trial to investigate the effects of shortness of the lower jaw (brachygnathia inferior), a congenital cardiac anomaly was observed. At the age often months the affected animal, a cross breed of Cameroon Sheep and East Friesian Milk Sheep, showed exercise-induced respiratory distress for the first time. Auscultation revealed a loud systolic heart murmur (grade 5) on both sides of the thorax, most prominent over the left third intercostal space at shoulder height.

Avian bornaviruses are widely distributed in canary birds (Serinus canaria f. domestica).

Avian bornavirus (ABV) was identified in 2008 as the causative agent of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in psittacine birds. In addition, ABV variants were detected in wild waterfowl and in a canary bird. PDD-like diseases were also reported in various other avian species, but it remains unknown whether ABV is involved.

[Detection of psittacid herpesvirus 1 in Amazon parrots with cloacal papilloma (internal papillomatosis of parrots, IPP) in an aviary of different psittacine species].

Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva aestiva;Amazona ochrocephala, n=6) from an aviary with different psittacine species (n=100) were submitted to the Clinic for Pet Animals, Reptiles, Pet- and Wild birds with the clinical picture ofa cloacal prolaps. The cloacal mucosa showed papillomas, and internal papillomatosis of parrots (IPP) was suspected. Hepatomegaly was detected in the radiographs of the clinically diseased amazon parrots, indicating the involvement of the liver in the disease process.