Computer-generated hologram manipulation and fast production with a focus on security application.

Motivated by the successful printing of a computer-generated hologram using the computer-to-film (CtF) graphic process, we present a further refined technique with increased resolution, applicable in security. The CtF process offers low cost and fast production while persevering high resolution, and it can make every hologram unique. In this paper, we present the improvement of the printing method, with several software modifications and the implementation of security features at different levels of production.

Caesarean Section and the Risk of Postpartal Depression: Is There a Possible Role of Heat Shock Proteins?

Data on the potential connection between surgical stress during caesarean section and the role of heat shock proteins in development of postpartal depression is lacking in the literature. This is a narrative review with a goal to establish the potential role of heat shock proteins during caesarean section and development of postpartal depression. Systemic hyperinflammatory state, such as the one that occurs during surgery, may trigger protective cell reaction, which is usually called the heat shock response.

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ketamine.

Major depressive disorder is the greatest burden of developed countries in the context of morbidity caused by mental disorders. Until recent, ketamine has been mostly used for anesthesia, analgesia, sedation and treatment of chronic pain syndromes. However, unique pharmacodynamic properties of ketamine have increased interests in it's use for treatment of depression.

Anaphylaxis during pregnancy.

Anaphylaxis occuring during pregnancy has a potential to cause devastating damage to the unborn baby and the mother. However, majority of adverse outcomes of anaphylaxis during pregnancy frequently affect the neonates rather than the mothers. The negative neurologic outcomes of the fetus are mostly due to delayed caesarean delivery or inadequate doses of adrenaline during anaphylaxis.

Photoplethysmographic evaluation of sympathectomy during lumbar epidural analgesia: A randomized comparison of 0.125% ropivacaine and 0.125% levobupivacaine.

Background: There are no data on the difference between the impact of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine on sympathetic nerve fibers during central neuraxial blocks. We hypothesized that there is no difference in the degree of sympathectomy between the two drugs during lumbar epidural analgesia for labor pain.

Methods: Sixty healthy parturients were randomized to the type of local anesthetic-opiod solution administered in the epidural space: 10 mL of 0.

In vitro synergy and postantibiotic effect of colistin combinations with meropenem and vancomycin against Enterobacteriaceae with multiple carbapenem resistance mechanisms.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine in vitro synergy and postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with meropenem or vancomycin against Enterobacteriaceae producing multiple carbapenemases; combinations of two metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) or MBL with OXA-48. Colistin-resistant strain positive for OXA-48 was also included in the study.

Methods: The antibiotic susceptibility was tested by broth microdilution method.

Area Under the Curve of Finger Photoplethysmography as an Evaluation Measure for Sympathetic Activity During Lumbar Epidural Anaesthesia.

Objective: To detect changes in finger photoplethysmography after administration of epidural anaesthesia as a surrogate method for evaluating autonomic nervous system activity.

Methods: We included a total of 46 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under lumbar epidural anaesthesia. A Biopac SS4LA pulse plethysmograph transducer was used for photoplethysmography recording, and the device was placed on the first toe of the right leg.

Allergic reactions and anesthesia.

The diagnosis of allergic reactions during anesthesia is difficult. For example, cardio-respiratory symptoms may be due to the accompanying pharmacological effects of anesthetics and poor interpretation of the reaction during anesthesia. It is important to distinguish whether a real allergic reaction has occurred.

[EVOLUTION OF BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ENTEROBACTER SPP. IN CROATIA].

Enterobacter spp. develops resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins by induction or derepression of chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase, or production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or carbapenemases. The aim of the study was to analyze the mechanisms of resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and the evolution of resistance mechanism during the study period (2008–2011) on a collection of 58 randomly collected Enterobacter spp.

Postantibiotic effect of colistin alone and combined with vancomycin or meropenem against Acinetobacter spp. with well defined resistance mechanisms.

Previous studies found short postantibiotic effect of colistin on Acinetobacter baumannii. Many studies have evaluated the potential for synergy between colistin and other antibiotics against A. baumannii.

[Sympathetic activity of S-(+)-ketamine low doses in the epidural space].

Background And Objectives: S-(+)-ketamine is an intravenous anaesthetic and sympathomimetic with properties of local anaesthetic. It has an effect of an analgetic and local anaesthetic when administered epidurally, but there are no data whether low doses of S-(+)-ketamine have sympathomimetic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether low doses of S-(+)-ketamine, given epidurally together with local anaesthetic, have any effect on sympathetic nervous system, both systemic and below the level of anaesthetic block.

Sympathetic activity of S-(+)-ketamine low doses in the epidural space.

Background And Objectives: S-(+)-ketamine is an intravenous anaesthetic and sympathomimetic with properties of local anaesthetic. It has an effect of an analgetic and local anaesthetic when administered epidurally, but there are no data whether low doses of S-(+)-ketamine have sympathomimetic effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether low doses of S-(+)-ketamine, given epidurally together with local anaesthetic, have any effect on sympathetic nervous system, both systemic and below the level of anaesthetic block.

Melanoma of the glans penis and urethra.

Primary melanoma of the glans or male urethra is a rare malignant tumor with high mortality. We searched PubMed and found 129 articles reporting on 220 patients. All articles were case reports or case series.

Treating acute kidney injury using continuous and intermittent renal replacement therapy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the sudden kidney excretory function loss. Patient data of patients hospitalized on intensive care unit from 2009 to 2011 and had to undergo one sort of renal replacement therapy (RRT)--continuous or intermittent--was used. 63 patients were in this study, 46 on continuous RRT (CRRT) and 17 on intermittent RRT (IRRT).