Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks.

Globally, glaciers and icefields contribute significantly to sea level rise. Here we show that ice loss from Juneau Icefield, a plateau icefield in Alaska, accelerated after 2005 AD. Rates of area shrinkage were 5 times faster from 2015-2019 than from 1979-1990.

Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene.

The recovery of long-term climate proxy records with seasonal resolution is rare because of natural smoothing processes, discontinuities and limitations in measurement resolution. Yet insolation forcing, a primary driver of multimillennial-scale climate change, acts through seasonal variations with direct impacts on seasonal climate. Whether the sensitivity of seasonal climate to insolation matches theoretical predictions has not been assessed over long timescales.

Organic Compounds in a Sub-Antarctic Ice Core: A Potential Suite of Sea Ice Markers.

Investigation of organic compounds in ice cores can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. We present results from the first ever ice core drilled on sub-Antarctic island Bouvet, representing a climatologically important but understudied region. We analyze a suite of novel and more familiar organic compounds in the ice core, alongside commonly measured ions.

Abrupt ice-age shifts in southern westerly winds and Antarctic climate forced from the north.

The mid-latitude westerly winds of the Southern Hemisphere play a central role in the global climate system via Southern Ocean upwelling, carbon exchange with the deep ocean, Agulhas leakage (transport of Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic) and possibly Antarctic ice-sheet stability. Meridional shifts of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have been hypothesized to occur in parallel with the well-documented shifts of the intertropical convergence zone in response to Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events- abrupt North Atlantic climate change events of the last ice age. Shifting moisture pathways to West Antarctica are consistent with this view but may represent a Pacific teleconnection pattern forced from the tropics.

Nitrofurantoin: friend or foe?

Nitrofurantoin remains the gold standard treatment of uncomplicated cystitis as well as prophylactic treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. Drug-induced hepatotoxicity presents in acute (3 in 1 000 000) and chronic (1 in 1500) forms. We present a patient with acute liver failure after 5 days of treatment.

Southern Hemisphere climate variability forced by Northern Hemisphere ice-sheet topography.

The presence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and reduced greenhouse gas concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum fundamentally altered global ocean-atmosphere climate dynamics. Model simulations and palaeoclimate records suggest that glacial boundary conditions affected the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, a dominant source of short-term global climate variability. Yet little is known about changes in short-term climate variability at mid- to high latitudes.

Does concomitant use of paracetamol potentiate the gastroduodenal mucosal injury associated with aspirin? A prospective, randomised, pilot study.

Background: Paracetamol is commonly prescribed for first-line symptomatic treatment in patients with osteoarthritis and aspirin is often co-administered for cardiovascular prophylaxis. It is not known if an interaction exists between aspirin and paracetamol in regards to gastroduodenal mucosal injury.

Aim: To investigate whether or not co-administered aspirin with paracetamol results in an increased rate of endoscopic gastroduodenal mucosal injury as compared to either agent alone.

Do nutraceutics play a role in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival of 50%. Current chemotherapeutic regimens used for advanced colorectal cancer provide an average survival of approximately 20 months. Non-toxic agents such as nutraceutics and supplements have been shown to aid in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer.

Sonographic appearance of canal of Nuck hydrocele.

We present a case of a relatively uncommon entity in a 17-year-old girl who presented to the emergency department with right inguinal pain and discomfort. On sonography, she was thought to have a hydrocele of a patent processus vaginalis, although differentials could not be excluded. The hydrocele was subsequently confirmed at surgery.

Gastroesophageal intussusception: a new cause of acute esophageal obstruction in children.

Gastrointestinal intussusception with obstruction is common in the small bowel and colon; however, such a process is not known to cause esophageal obstruction. Recent experience with gastroesophageal intussusception permits discussion of diagnosis and consideration of treatment options. A 3-year-old child presented with acute esophageal obstruction.

Echocardiographic evaluation of umbilical venous catheter placement.

Objective: To compare techniques for guiding and confirming placement of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) using two-dimensional echocardiography.

Study Design: Fifty-three newborns admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit who required an UVC or who were transferred within 24 hours of UVC placement at a referring hospital were studied. UVC position was assessed by antero-posterior (AP) chest radiography (CXR), lateral CXR, and oxygenation data.

Acute pyelonephritis: comparison of diagnosis with 99mTc-DMSA, SPECT, spiral CT, MR imaging, and power Doppler US in an experimental pig model.

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), spiral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and power Doppler ultrasonography (US) for the detection and localization of acute pyelonephritis by using histopathologic findings as the standard of reference.

Materials And Methods: Bilateral vesicoureteric reflux was surgically created in 35 piglets (70 kidneys). One week later, a liquid bacterial culture of Escherichia coli was injected into the bladder.

Sonographic detection of uterine and ovarian abnormalities in female survivors of Wilms' tumor treated with radiotherapy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to use sonography to evaluate the size of the ovaries and uterus in survivors of Wilms' tumor who underwent radiotherapy.

Subjects And Methods: Eighteen survivors of Wilms' tumor had their ovaries and uterus measured on sonography. Their ages at diagnosis and treatment ranged from 14 months to 6 years.

Amebic osteomyelitis in a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report.

Disseminated Acanthamoeba infection has been described in immunocompromised or debilitated patients. The usual sites of involvement are skin, sinus, and brain. Sporadic reports of Acanthamoeba infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are present in recent literature, predominantly in adults, and one case involving an 8-year-old child.

In-line pressures generated in small-bore central venous catheters during power injection of CT contrast media.

Purpose: To determine in-line pressures generated in small-bore central venous catheters during power injection of computed tomographic (CT) contrast media.

Materials And Methods: Five 3.0-7.

Uterine anomalies in Wilms' tumor survivors.

Background: The association between Wilms' tumor (WT) and genitourinary (GU) anomalies has long been appreciated; however, associated GU anomalies have been described almost exclusively in males.

Methods: To investigate whether females with WT also have an increased prevalence of GU anomalies, the authors evaluated the uterine anatomy of 24 WT survivors using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography.

Results: Two of 24 female survivors (8%) had anomalies.

Esophageal pseudodiverticulosis: two new cases in children.

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) is an uncommon entity in which distended esophageal mucous glands form flask-like outpouchings from the esophagus. Its relationship with esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and benign stricture suggests that it is a consequence of inflammation.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in infants: asymmetric disease mimicking a unilateral renal mass.

Unilateral radiographic presentation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is detected only rarely in infants and may suggest the presence of a complex cystic mass. We report such a case and review the literature concerning unilateral presentation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in infants and children.

Treatment of intracranial abscesses associated with sinusitis in children and adolescents.

We retrospectively reviewed the management of intracranial abscesses associated with sinusitis in 13 children and adolescents by reviewing medical records and computed tomography (CT) scans of a consecutive case series. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.5 years with a range of 1.