Genomic Sequencing Capacity, Data Retention, and Personal Access to Raw Data in Europe.

Whole genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) has become widely adopted in research and, more recently, in clinical settings. Many hope that the information obtained from the interpretation of these data will have medical benefits for patients and-in some cases-also their biological relatives. Because of the manifold possibilities to reuse genomic data, enabling sequenced individuals to access their own raw (uninterpreted) genomic data is a highly debated issue.

Reducing the risk of infection in vascular access patients: an in vitro evaluation of an antimicrobial silver nanotechnology luer activated device.

Background: Luer-activated devices (LAD) have been designed to reduce the risk of sharps injury; however, published reports suggest that internal fluid path contamination occurs in selected devices. The present in vitro study compares the antimicrobial property of a silver-nanotechnology LAD to 8 nonantimicrobial LADs.

Methods: A laboratory reference strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 33592) was used to prepare a standardized microbial challenge, 3.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of glycogen content in rat liver lobule.

We evaluated spatiotemporal characteristics of glycogen content in cells of rat liver lobule. Glycogen content in the liver lobule and its circulatory subzones underwent diurnal fluctuations with acrophase at 5.00.

[The role of duplex ends in the spontaneous interaction of homologous linear DNA fragments].

The spontaneous interaction of homologous linear DNA fragments was studied with a model of purified PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. To interact, duplexes required not only homology of internal regions, but also complementary ends. Fragments differing in terminal sequences did not interact.

Mechanism of spontaneous DNA-DNA interaction of homologous linear duplexes.

Previously, we demonstrated the interaction of homologous linear duplexes with formation of four-way DNA structures on the model of five PCR products. We propose that homologous duplex interaction is initiated by the nucleation of several dissociated base pairs of the complementary ends of two fragments with Holliday junction formation, in which cross point migration occurs via spooling of DNA strands from one duplex to the other one, finally resulting in complete resolution into new or previously existing duplexes. To confirm that DNA-DNA interaction involves formation of four-way DNA structures with strand exchange at the cross point, we have demonstrated the strand exchange process between identical duplexes using homologous fragments, harboring either biotin label or (32)P-label.

[Spatial and temporary changes in sensitivity of murine proliferative system and energy exchange to typhoid fever infection].

The authors studied the spatial and temporary organization of the proliferative system and energy exchange in the small intestinal epithelium, as well as spatial and temporary changes in the sensitivity of these systems in mice to typhoid fever infection (cultured Salmonella typhi, 4446) at day and night. The small intestinal epithelial systems were found to show a spatial and time organization and a close correlation between their temporary and spatial changes after infection. The temporary organization of the proliferative system in the esophageal epithelium is more sensitive to infection in the day-time and that of the small intestinal epithelial proliferative system is more marked at night.

[Heat inactivation kinetics of solubilized and immobilized immunoglobulins G].

The kinetics of thermoinactivation of rabbit antibodies against cortisol (Anti-COR, 60-82 degrees), sheep antibodies against rabbit immunoglobulins (AB, 65-77 degrees) in water solution and of AB covalently linked to activated polystyrene beads (PSB-AB, 60-77 degrees) was studied by indirect and direct ELISA methods using peroxidase-cortisol or peroxidase-rabbit immunoglobulin conjugates to detect immunocomplexes for PSB-AB. High stability of ABs and their stabilization after immobilization on PSB are shown. The Eact values and thermodynamic activation parameters of immunoglobulins thermolysis delta H*, delta S* and delta G* were calculated from Arrhenius plots of the effective inactivation rate constants versus temperature and compared with the corresponding characteristics for other proteins.

Catalytic activity and thermostability of dehydrogenase conjugates with cortisol and progesterone.

The conjugates of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase with progesterone and cortisol, containing 1-40 steroid molecules per enzyme molecule, were obtained by the reactions of N-succinimide esters of the 3-[O-(carboxymethyl)oximes)] of cortisol and progesterone with a protein in a water-DMFA (10%) medium. The catalytic activity and thermostability of dehydrogenases and their steroid conjugates were kinetically studied. The effects of the modification degree on the activity and thermostability of dehydrogenases by their hydrophobization were studied and discussed.

[Synthesis of immunoglobulin conjugates with dehydrogenases].

Three methods of synthesis of immunoglobulin conjugates with malate, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, involving the sodium metaperiodate oxidation of immunoglobulin carbohydrate component, use of water-soluble carbodiimide and the one-step glutaraldehyde technique, were compared. The glutaraldehyde method was shown to give immunoglobulin-dehydrogenase conjugates with high catalytic and immunochemical activity, which may be useful for enzyme-immunoassay.

[Space-time organization of cellular systems in the normal and pathologic states].

The time-space organization of biological systems, cell systems in particular, is one of the most important problems of current theoretical biology having medical implications. The presented view of the general structure of the temporal organization of biosystems and their development in the course of life evolution interprets the temporal organization of a living system as a complex of regular changes in time, the biological rhythms included, its structures and functions which are interactive and show relationships with cyclic alterations of environmental conditions. A special organization is composed of a group of different structures and related functions which are arranged according to a certain pattern in the space occupied by the biological system and interact with each other.

[The effect of modification of lactate and malate dehydrogenases on their stability and activity].

The inactivation of lactate and malate dehydrogenases (LDH and MDH) modified by progesterone in the water-dimethylformamide (DMF) medium is described by the first-order equation up to large conversion degrees. The MDH modification is accompanied by the increase of its stability by 7-14%, while LDH modification leads to the enzyme stability decrease by 67%. The enzymes catalytic activities are changed simultaneously.

[An optimum regimen for the use of malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase during chemical regeneration of the cofactor].

The steady-state kinetics of malate oxidation by malate dehydrogenase was being studied without coupling reagents under the conditions of chemical regeneration of the cofactor by the following pairs: phenazine methosulphate (PMS)--dichlorphenolindophenol (DCPIP) and PMS--tetranitrotetrazolium blue (TNTB). The comparative kinetic study was carried out of the steady-state oxidation of lactate and the reduction of pyruvate by lactate rehydrogenase, as well as of the dehydrogenation of lactate, coupled with the cofactor regeneration by the pair PMS-DCPIP. Optimum reagent concentrations, optimum pH and activation energies were determined for six systems.

[Inhibition of lactate and malate dehydrogenase by dyes containing vinylsulfone and chlorotriazine groups].

The difference spectra of lactate and malate dehydrogenase complexes with four native dyes containing vinylsulfonic and triazinic groups (light-resistant yellow 2KT, red-violet 2KT, etc.) were monitored in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 8.

[Characteristics of thermal inactivation of malate dehydrogenase].

Over the range 20-52 degrees C thermal inactivation of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was studied with the aim of well grounded choice of its stabilization ways. The process was described by the pseudofirst order rate constants, kin, dependent on enzyme concentration. The rate constant of enzyme inactivation at the "infinite" dilution in general form equals 1.

[Space-time changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the rat liver].

The author describes a quantitative histochemical test of NAD- and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ic-NAD and ic-NADP) activity changes in relation to the time of day and topographic locality in the hepatic lobule. It was established that activity of the enzymes was characterized by monophase circadian rhythms, with the phase of ic-NAD activity observed in the dark period and ic-NADP activity in the light period of day. Rhythmic fluctuations in ic-NAD activity in different regions of the lobule were more synchronized than those in ic-NADP activity.

Preparation and study of composite insecticido-repellent aerosols.

Insecticido-repellent mixtures sprayed on clothes, nets etc. are useful as a means of protection against attack by bloodsucking arthropods. These sprays provide repellence of insects sensitive to the repellent and kill those that are only weakly repellent sensitive.

[Space-time characteristics of the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the rat liver lobule].

Experiments were made on normal male rats weighing 180-200 g kept over 2 weeks before sacrifice in the light (12 h) and in the dark (12 h). The activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) in hepatocytes was detected by histochemistry. The quantitative determination of the enzymatic activity (EA) was performed on a scanning cytophotometer.

[The minimum effective dosages of repellents].

Method of thin-layer chromatography was used to estimate threshold dosages of diethytoluamide, benzoylhexamethylene, dihexamethylenecarbamide, diethilamide of phenoxyacetic acid and dimethylphthalate for repelling of mosquitoes (Aedes hexodontus, Aedes vexans, Aedes caspius caspius), simuliids (Simulium venustrum), midges (Culicoides obsoletus) and sand-flies (Phlebotomus papatsi). Maximum sensitivity to all the preparations studied was shown by sand-flies (Phlebotomus papatasi, and most sensitive to repellents, out of all the studied species of mosquitoes, were Aedes caspius caspius. Giving recommendations on pellents one must take into consideration the level of sensitivity to repellents of dominating species of blood-sucking arthropods.