LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can reduce the risk of hospitalization from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when administered early. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have negatively affected therapeutic use of some authorized mAbs. Using a high-throughput B cell screening pipeline, we isolated LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab), a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody.

LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Unlabelled: SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can reduce the risk of hospitalization when administered early during COVID-19 disease. However, the emergence of variants of concern has negatively impacted the therapeutic use of some authorized mAbs. Using a high throughput B-cell screening pipeline, we isolated a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody called LY-CoV1404 (also known as bebtelovimab).

Dissociation of Survival, Proliferation, and State Control in Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

The role of growth factors (GFs) in controlling the biology of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remains limited by a lack of information concerning the individual and combined effects of GFs directly on the survival, Mitogenesis, and regenerative activity of highly purified human HSCs. We show that the initial input HSC activity of such a purified starting population of human cord blood cells can be fully maintained over a 21-day period in serum-free medium containing five GFs alone. HSC survival was partially supported by any one of these GFs, but none were essential, and different combinations of GFs variably stimulated HSC proliferation.

Dissecting genealogy and cell cycle as sources of cell-to-cell variability in MAPK signaling using high-throughput lineage tracking.

Cells, even those having identical genotype, exhibit variability in their response to external stimuli. This variability arises from differences in the abundance, localization, and state of cellular components. Such nongenetic differences are likely heritable between successive generations and can also be influenced by processes such as cell cycle, age, or interplay between different pathways.

SCFCdc4 enables mating type switching in yeast by cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated elimination of the Ash1 transcriptional repressor.

In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mother cells switch mating types between a and α forms, whereas daughter cells do not. This developmental asymmetry arises because the expression of the HO endonuclease, which initiates the interconversion of a and α mating type cassettes, is extinguished by the daughter-specific Ash1 transcriptional repressor. When daughters become mothers in the subsequent cell cycle, Ash1 must be eliminated to enable a new developmental state.

Real-time PCR expression profiling of genes encoding potential virulence factors in Candida albicans biofilms: identification of model-dependent and -independent gene expression.

Background: Candida albicans infections are often associated with biofilm formation. Previous work demonstrated that the expression of HWP1 (hyphal wall protein) and of genes belonging to the ALS (agglutinin-like sequence), SAP (secreted aspartyl protease), PLB (phospholipase B) and LIP (lipase) gene families is associated with biofilm growth on mucosal surfaces. We investigated using real-time PCR whether genes encoding potential virulence factors are also highly expressed in biofilms associated with abiotic surfaces.

Candida albicans biofilm formation in a new in vivo rat model.

Device-associated microbial growth, including Candida biofilms, represents more than half of all human microbial infections and, despite a relatively small risk of implant-associated diseases, this type of infection usually leads to high morbidity, increased health-care costs and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Animal models are needed to elucidate the complex host-pathogen interactions that occur during the development of attached and structured biofilm populations. We describe here a new in vivo model to study Candida biofilm, based on the avascular implantation of small catheters in rats.

The rate of cell growth is governed by cell cycle stage.

Cell growth is an essential requirement for cell cycle progression. While it is often held that growth is independent of cell cycle position, this relationship has not been closely scrutinized. Here we show that in budding yeast, the ability of cells to grow changes during the cell cycle.

Association of putative ammonium exporters Ato with detergent-resistant compartments of plasma membrane during yeast colony development: pH affects Ato1p localisation in patches.

It was proposed that Ato1p, Ato2p and Ato3p have a role in ammonia production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies (Palkova et al., Mol Biol Cell 13: 3901-3914, 2002). In this study, we show that all three Ato proteins localise to the plasma membrane and their appearance correlates with the beginning of ammonia release.

Sok2p transcription factor is involved in adaptive program relevant for long term survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies.

Volatile ammonia functions as a long range alarm signal important for the transition of yeast colonies to their adaptive alkali developmental phase and for their consequent long term survival. Cells of aged Saccharomyces cerevisiae sok2 colonies deleted in the gene for Sok2p transcription factor are not able to release a sufficient amount of ammonia out of the cells, they are more fragile than cells of wild type colonies, and they exhibit a survival defect. Genome-wide analysis on gene expression differences between sok2 and WT colonies revealed that sok2 colonies are not able to switch on the genes of adaptive metabolisms effectively and display unbalanced expression and activity of various enzymes involved in cell protection against oxidative damage.

Comparative analyses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNAs using Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Assay and agarose gel electrophoresis.

Precise quantification and quality characterisation of isolated RNAs are prerequisites for their further exploitation in genome-wide microarrays, Northern blots, cDNA library preparation and others. Our data indicate that RNA analyses using Agilent RNA Nano Assay exhibit several advantages when compared with those performed on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gel electrophoresis or on a spectrophotometer. The RNA Nano Assay makes it possible to estimate RNA concentrations in the range from 1000 ng microl(-1) to 17 ng microl(-1).

Amino acids control ammonia pulses in yeast colonies.

Individual yeast colonies produce pulses of volatile ammonia separated by phases of medium acidification. Colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant defective in the general amino acid permease, Gap1p, exhibit decreased ammonia production. Mutations in the S.