Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: transfer location affects strength.

Background: The optimal insertion location of a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer to restore external rotation after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is not well established. The aim of this biomechanical study was to determine the effect of tendon transfer location on external rotation torque, in conjunction with varying RSA humeral component lateralization. We hypothesized that proximal tendon transfers, along with increasing humeral lateralization, would maximize external rotation torque.

Using Machine Learning to Identify True Somatic Variants from Next-Generation Sequencing.

Background: Molecular profiling has become essential for tumor risk stratification and treatment selection. However, cancer genome complexity and technical artifacts make identification of real variants a challenge. Currently, clinical laboratories rely on manual screening, which is costly, subjective, and not scalable.

Inter-rater reliability of Dartfish movement analysis software for measuring maximum flexion and extension at the hip and knee in older adults with osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Various methods are used to measure hip and knee joint motion angles; however, their use is often limited by cost or inability to measure dynamic movements. The assessment of movement patterns is clinically useful in individuals with osteoporosis (OP) and osteopenia (OPe) through its potential to optimize fracture risk assessment. This study evaluates the inter-rater reliability of using Dartfish 2-D Motion Analysis Software to measure maximum flexion and extension angles at the hip and knee in individuals with OP or OPe while performing five tasks of the Safe Functional Motion test.

A rigid body model for the assessment of glenohumeral joint mechanics: Influence of osseous defects on range of motion and dislocation.

The purpose of this study was to employ subject-specific computer models to evaluate the interaction of glenohumeral range-of-motion and Hill-Sachs humeral head bone defect size on engagement and shoulder dislocation. We hypothesized that the rate of engagement would increase as defect size increased, and that greater shoulder ROM would engage smaller defects. Three dimensional computer models of 12 shoulders were created.

Effect of Volarly Angulated Distal Radius Fractures on Forearm Rotation and Distal Radioulnar Joint Kinematics.

Purpose: To examine the effect of volar angulation deformities of the distal radius with and without triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) rupture on forearm range of motion and the kinematics of the ulnar head at the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) during simulated active forearm rotation.

Methods: Volar angulation deformities of the distal radius with 10° and 20° angulation from the native orientation were created in 8 cadaveric specimens using an adjustable apparatus. Active supination and pronation were performed using a forearm motion simulator.

Volar subluxation of the ulnar head in dorsal translation deformities of distal radius fractures: an in vitro biomechanical study.

Objectives: To quantify the effects of dorsal translation deformities of the distal radius with and without dorsal angulation on volar displacement of the ulnar head during simulated active forearm rotation, both with the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) intact and sectioned conditions.

Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities were mounted in an active forearm motion simulator, and distal radial deformities of 0, 5, and 10 mm of dorsal translation with 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees of dorsal angulation were simulated. Volar displacement of the ulnar head at the distal radioulnar joint as a result of each distal radial deformity was quantified during simulated active supination.

Distal radioulnar joint kinematics in simulated dorsally angulated distal radius fractures.

Purpose: To examine the effects of dorsal angulation deformities of the distal radius with and without triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) rupture on the 3-dimensional kinematics of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) during simulated active motion.

Methods: Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were tested in a forearm simulator that produced active forearm rotation. Dorsal angulation deformities of the distal radius with 10°, 20°, and 30° angulation were created.

Suture anchor fixation of bony Bankart fractures: comparison of single-point with double-point "suture bridge" technique.

Background: As an alternative to the standard single-point suture-anchor technique, a suture-bridge technique has been described for the treatment of bony Bankart fractures. There is, however, little evidence supporting one technique over the other. Purpose/

Hypothesis: To compare the failure strength, fixation stability, and loading mechanics of the 2 techniques for the fixation of bony Bankart fractures.

Do the traditional and modified latarjet techniques produce equivalent reconstruction stability and strength?

Background: The Latarjet procedure has been described as a reconstructive option for instability associated with substantial glenoid bone defects. A modification, termed the Congruent-Arc, is thought to improve glenoid reconstruction through better articular congruency and greater bone reconstitution. The strengths of these techniques, however, have not been reported.

Standardizing the next generation of bioinformatics software development with BioHDF (HDF5).

Next Generation Sequencing technologies are limited by the lack of standard bioinformatics infrastructures that can reduce data storage, increase data processing performance, and integrate diverse information. HDF technologies address these requirements and have a long history of use in data-intensive science communities. They include general data file formats, libraries, and tools for working with the data.

Cyclic pneumatic soft-tissue compression enhances recovery following fracture of the distal radius: a randomised controlled trial.

Questions: Does the addition of cyclic pneumatic soft-tissue compression during the 6-week immobilisation period following fracture of the distal radius result in a faster recovery of muscle strength and joint range of motion? Does it result in a larger recovery of muscle strength and joint range of motion immediately after the immobilisation period (at 6 weeks) or four weeks after the immobilisation period (at 10 weeks)?

Design: Randomised controlled trial with concealed allocation and assessor blinding.

Participants: 21 patients with fracture of the distal radius.

Intervention: The experimental group received cyclic pneumatic soft-tissue compression during the 6-week immobilisation period whereas the control group received usual care.