Reporting of pre-existing multiple long-term conditions in physical rehabilitation for long COVID: a scoping review.

Background: Physical rehabilitation may improve health and wellbeing outcomes for some adults living with long COVID. However, individuals living with pre-existing multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs) and long COVID may have additional rehabilitation challenges. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence describing physical rehabilitation interventions for adults living with long COVID, to systematically map the reporting of pre-existing MLTCs, and to describe the characteristics of physical rehabilitation interventions used in adults with both pre-existing long-term conditions (LTCs) and long COVID.

A survey exploring the needs, preferences, and challenges of the key stakeholders for participating in and developing pulmonary rehabilitation in Pune, India.

Considering a huge burden of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) in India, there is a need for locally relevant Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) services. This cross-sectional survey was aimed to explore the interest, needs and challenges among various stakeholders for PR in Pune city, India. At the outpatient respiratory medicine department of a multi-speciality hospital in Pune, India, 403 eligible people with CRDs were invited to participate in the survey, of which 370 (92%) responded and agreed to participate.

Protected characteristics reported in pulmonary rehabilitation: a scoping review.

Background: An individual's characteristics are reported to influence access, completion and outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation and may contribute to health inequalities. Many countries have policies to promote equity among individuals' characteristics, including the UK Equality Act 2010 which lists nine protected characteristics (age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation).

Objectives: To describe the extent to which UK Equality Act 2010 protected characteristics have been collected and reported in UK studies and audits of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Understanding the lived experience of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and how this shapes views on home-based pulmonary rehabilitation in Delhi, India.

Objectives: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is a high-impact intervention for individuals with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) but access is limited in India. PR barriers include distance to travel, lack of service provision and lack of healthcare professionals to deliver PR, thus it is disproportionate to the immense burden of IPF in India. We explored the lived experiences of people living with IPF, family caregivers (CGs) and healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as their views towards home-based PR (HBPR) in Delhi, India.

Changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep following pulmonary rehabilitation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: The variety of innovations to traditional centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation (CBPR), including different modes of delivery and adjuncts, are likely to lead to differential responses in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep.

Objectives: To examine the relative effectiveness of different pulmonary rehabilitation-based interventions on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep.

Methods: Randomised trials in chronic respiratory disease involving pulmonary rehabilitation-based interventions were systematically searched for.

Perspectives of Patients With Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Medical Professionals on Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Pune, India: Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide and in India. Access to nonpharmacological options, such as pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), are, however, limited. Given the difference between need and availability, exploring PR, specifically remotely delivered PR, in a resource-poor setting, will help inform future work.

Can quantifying the relative intensity of a person's free-living physical activity predict how they respond to a physical activity intervention? Findings from the PACES RCT.

Objectives: To determine whether quantifying both the absolute and relative intensity of accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) can inform PA interventions. We hypothesised that individuals whose free-living PA is at a low relative intensity are more likely to increase PA in response to an intervention, as they have spare physical capacity.

Method: We conducted a secondary data analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial, Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS, which was designed to increase PA but showed no improvement.

A Case for Unifying Accelerometry-Derived Movement Behaviors and Tests of Exercise Capacity for the Assessment of Relative Physical Activity Intensity.

Albert Einstein taught us that "everything is relative." People's experience of physical activity (PA) is no different, with "relativism" particularly pertinent to the perception of intensity. Markers of absolute and relative intensities of PA have different but complimentary utilities, with absolute intensity considered best for PA guideline adherence and relative intensity for personalized exercise prescription.

A Call for Action on Chronic Respiratory Diseases within Physical Activity Policies, Guidelines and Action Plans: Let's Move!

Global policy documents for the promotion of physical activity (PA) play an important role in the measurement, evaluation, and monitoring of population PA levels. The World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines include, for the first time, recommendations for specific populations, including individuals living with a range of non-communicable diseases. Of note, is the absence of any chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) within the recommendations.

A More Intense Examination of the Intensity of Physical Activity in People Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Insights from Threshold-Free Markers of Activity Intensity.

Physical activity (PA) intensity of people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typically evaluated using intensity thresholds developed in younger, healthier populations with greater exercise capacity and free from respiratory symptoms. This study therefore compared (i) PA differences between COPD and non-COPD controls using both traditional intensity thresholds and threshold-free metrics that represent the volume and intensity of the whole PA profile, and (ii) explored the influence of exercise capacity on observed differences. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), average acceleration (proxy for volume, mg) and intensity distribution of activity were calculated for 76 individuals with COPD and 154 non-COPD controls from wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometry.

Deriving personalised physical activity intensity thresholds by merging accelerometry with field-based walking tests: Implications for pulmonary rehabilitation.

During pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), patients receive individually tailored walking exercise training. The personalised nature of exercise prescription is a fundamental component of PR. Despite this, the measurement of physical activity (PA) has been limited to a 'one size fits all' approach and can be challenging to translate into clinically meaningful or real-world units, such as cadence.

A feasibility trial of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD in a low resource setting: Jaffna, Sri Lanka.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of devising a pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with COPD in a low resource setting (Jaffna, Sri Lanka) and to observe its effects.

Methods: Non-randomized controlled feasibility trial of ambulatory patients with COPD attending the pulmonary outpatient clinic of the Jaffna Teaching Hospital, Northern Province, Sri Lanka.

A proof of concept for continuous, non-invasive, free-living vital signs monitoring to predict readmission following an acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The use of vital signs monitoring in the early recognition of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) post-hospital discharge is limited. This study investigated whether continuous vital signs monitoring could predict an AECOPD and readmission.

Methods: 35 people were recruited at discharge following hospitalisation for an AECOPD.

Developing Appropriate Pulmonary Rehabilitation Services in Sri Lanka: Assessment of People Living with COPD and Healthcare Providers in Urban and Semi Urban Areas in Sri Lanka.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, corresponding to 5% of all deaths globally, with more than 90% occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is a routine clinical service for COPD management, often used in western countries. At present, there is no formal PR in Sri Lanka; a culturally appropriate programme is required that considers the views of adults living with COPD and healthcare providers (HCPs) who would be involved in the referral or delivery of PR.

The untapped potential of physical activity monitoring for quality assurance of field-based walking tests in clinical respiratory trials.

Field-based walking tests are well-established outcome measures in clinical research trials and in the evaluation of routine clinical services, including pulmonary rehabilitation. Despite widespread use, there has been little attention to, or reporting of, the quality assurance of these tests. Physical activity monitoring has become increasingly popular and data from activity monitors could be used for quality assurance of field-based walking tests.

Culturally adapted pulmonary rehabilitation for adults living with post-tuberculosis lung disease in Kyrgyzstan: protocol for a randomised controlled trial with blinded outcome measures.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a programme of individually prescribed physical exercise, education and self-management activities. PR is recommended in international guidelines for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other chronic respiratory diseases. PR is still under-recognised in tuberculosis (TB) guidelines and PR is not available in many low and middle-income countries and for people with post-TB lung disease (PTBLD).

Usability of Wearable Multiparameter Technology to Continuously Monitor Free-Living Vital Signs in People Living With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Vital signs monitoring (VSM) is routine for inpatients, but monitoring during free-living conditions is largely untested in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: This study investigated the usability and acceptability of continuous VSM for people with COPD using wearable multiparameter technology.

Methods: In total, 50 people following hospitalization for an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and 50 people with stable COPD symptoms were asked to wear an Equivital LifeMonitor during waking hours for 6 weeks (42 days).

What should pulmonary rehabilitation look like for people living with post-tuberculosis lung disease in the Bishkek and Chui region of the Kyrgyz Republic? A qualitative exploration.

Objective: After experiencing tuberculosis (TB), many people develop post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTBLD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) centrally comprising of education and exercise is recommended internationally for people living with chronic respiratory diseases. However, no such service exists in Kyrgyzstan.

Potential for integrating yoga within pulmonary rehabilitation and recommendations of reporting framework.

There is a rising burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in India. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), is a universally recommended multidisciplinary therapeutic strategy for the management of COPD; however, its needs are unmet. The diversity in the healthcare systems, availability of PR specialists and sociocultural multiformity requires contextualised and innovative PR models.

Identifying Appropriate Delivery of and Referral to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Uganda: A Survey Study of People Living with Chronic Respiratory Disease and Health Care Workers.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a low cost, high impact intervention that ameliorates the disability associated with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD). PR is becoming increasingly recognized in low resource settings where the burden of CRD is rapidly increasing. To aid the implementation of PR in Uganda, we conducted a study to assess the attitudes and opinions towards PR among patients with CRD in Uganda and explore barriers faced by health care workers (HCWs) in referring to PR.