Investigating the Linear Thermal Expansion of Additively Manufactured Multi-Material Joining between Invar and Steel.

This work investigated the linear thermal expansion properties of a multi-material specimen fabricated with Invar M93 and A36 steel. A sequence of tests was performed to investigate the viability of additively manufactured Invar M93 for lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in multi-material part tooling. Invar beads were additively manufactured on a steel base plate using a fiber laser system, and samples were taken from the steel, Invar, and the interface between the two materials.

Ergonomic interface concepts for minimally invasive, remote, and virtual surgical systems.

Traditional open surgical techniques require a surgeon to assume a posture of leaning over the patient with a direct eye-to-hand perspective. As new minimally invasive and remote surgical procedures evolve, the surgeon is not required to maintain the same posture as in open techniques. While more ergonomic postures may be facilitated, some current remote systems have maintained surgeon configurations that are small variants of legacy postures (e.