The effect of wrist surgery on the kinematic consistency of joint axis reconstruction in a static posture.

Three-dimensional analysis of wrist motion is a growing focus in orthopedic research, however, our understanding of its validity (accuracy and reliability) remains limited. Nine human cadavers were tested to estimate wrist joint axes alignment in a postural static pose. The objective was to investigate a rater's ability to reliably align three skin- tracked wrist joint coordinate system (WJCS) definitions across baseline and reconstructive wrist states (intact, mid-carpal arthrodesis, and proximal-row carpectomy).

Reliability of plantar pressure platforms.

Plantar pressure measurement is common practice in many research and clinical protocols. While the accuracy of some plantar pressure measuring devices and methods for ensuring consistency in data collection on plantar pressure measuring devices have been reported, the reliability of different devices when testing the same individuals is not known. This study calculated intra-mat, intra-manufacturer, and inter-manufacturer reliability of plantar pressure parameters as well as the number of plantar pressure trials needed to reach a stable estimate of the mean for an individual.

Foot Type Biomechanics Part 2: are structure and anthropometrics related to function?

Background: Many foot pathologies are associated with specific foot types. If foot structure and function are related, measurement of either could assist with differential diagnosis of pedal pathologies.

Hypothesis: Biomechanical measures of foot structure and function are related in asymptomatic healthy individuals.

A spectral analysis of rotator cuff musculature electromyographic activity: surface and indwelling.

Electromyography (EMG) of the shoulder girdle is commonly performed; however, EMG spectral properties of shoulder muscles have not been clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum power frequency, Nyquist rate, and minimum sampling rate for indwelling and surface EMG of the normal shoulder girdle musculature. EMG signals were recorded using indwelling electrodes for the rotator cuff muscles and surface electrodes for ten additional shoulder muscles in ten healthy volunteers.

Medial collateral ligament injuries and subsequent load on the anterior cruciate ligament: a biomechanical evaluation in a cadaveric model.

Background: Numerous studies have documented the effect of complete medial collateral ligament injury on anterior cruciate ligament loads; few have addressed how partial medial collateral ligament disruption affects knee kinematics.

Purpose: To determine knee kinematics and subsequent change in anterior cruciate ligament load in a partial and complete medial collateral ligament injury model.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Electromyographic activity in stiff and normal elbows during elbow flexion and extension.

This prospective, controlled pilot study investigated electromyographic activity in elbow muscles during active elbow flexion and extension and during prolonged elbow extension with and without resistance. Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and triceps activity was measured in 10 subjects with elbow motion deficits after injury and in 10 controls. Surface electromyography was recorded during active elbow flexion, extension, and passively positioned elbow extension with and without 3 lb on the distal forearm.