Effects of Epinephrine Auto-Injector Shape and Size on Human Factors Influencing Drug Delivery.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of (a) auto-injector form factor on maximum applied force capability and (b) auto-injector design and instructions on force production and orientation.

Background: Effective delivery of epinephrine through an auto-injector is the result of a multitude of design factors. At minimum, the design needs to allow the user to apply sufficient force for the needle to penetrate clothing and tissue.