Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms diagnosis, management, caregiving, advanced treatments and associated challenges.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired reasoning. It is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, marked by the pathological accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological changes lead to widespread neuronal damage, significantly impacting daily functioning and quality of life.

Gout: global epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidities and complications: a narrative review.

Background: Gout is one of the oldest known diseases and the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. The established risk factors for gout include hyperuricemia, chronic renal disease, genetic, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, diuretic use, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Patients with gout have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, particularly from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Reasons for cigarette and tobacco product use, dual use, and poly use among university students.

Introduction: Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue worldwide, causing over 7 million deaths annually. Polytobacco use has become a common phenomenon. This study aims to analyze reasons for cigarette and tobacco product use, dual use and poly use among university students by sex, in China and Cyprus, selected owing to their still high consumption rates.

Global burden of multiple sclerosis and its attributable risk factors, 1990-2019.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressively debilitating disorder that has seen a notable rise in prevalence in recent years. This study examines the burden of MS from 1990 to 2019, providing a detailed analysis by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI) across 204 countries and territories.

Methods: Data on the prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to MS were obtained from the publically available Global Burden of Disease 2019 project.

Strategies for becoming a more desirable mate: evidence from Lithuania.

Introduction: Mate-seekers employ several strategies to become more attractive as mates. In the present study, we examined the use of 10 strategies for becoming more desirable as a mate in the Lithuanian cultural context.

Methods: Using a sample of 295 Lithuanian-speaking participants, we explored the frequency and types of strategies employed to enhance mate appeal.

Exploring the perceived effectiveness and strictness of penalties for traffic offences: The influence of prior punishment experience and evaluation perspective (personal vs. general).

Introduction: Previous research has identified the perception of penalties as one of the most important deterrents to road traffic offenses. This study investigated whether the perceived effectiveness and the perceived strictness of penalties for different traffic offenses are associated with prior punishment experience and evaluation perspective (personal - if participants were being punished themselves, vs. general - for punishing all drivers).

Vitamin A deficiency in the MENA region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019).

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a common micronutrient deficiency that imposes a substantial burden worldwide. This study examined the burden of VAD from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Methods: The data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.

The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in axonal and permanent damage to the central nervous system, necessitating healing owing to autoimmune reactions and persistent neuroinflammation. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the management of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, multivitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin B12 (cobalamin), may be beneficial for neuronal protection.

Kidney cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 30-year analysis (1990-2019).

Kidney cancer, a type of urogenital cancer, imposes a high burden on patients. Despite this, no recent research has evaluated the burden of this type of cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study explored the burden of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019 according to age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Burden of diseases due to high systolic blood pressure in the Middle East and North Africa region from 1990 to 2019.

High systolic blood pressure (HSBP) is associated with several metabolic and non-metabolic disorders. This research aimed to document the deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to HSBP in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, underlying cause and socio-demographic index (SDI). We used the methodological framework and data drawn from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 to identify the burden of diseases attributable to HSBP, from 1990 to 2019, in the MENA region.

The burden of schizophrenia in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.

Schizophrenia ranks as the third-most common cause of disability among mental disorders globally. This study presents findings on the prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs) as a result of schizophrenia in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), stratified by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI). We collected publicly accessible data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019.

The efficacy and safety of in the management of osteoarthritis: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common debilitating diseases among the aging population. is one potential treatment for OA. Here, we sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of for treating patients with OA.

The burden of dermatitis from 1990-2019 in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Background: There are several types of dermatitis, each capable of causing enduring changes that extend beyond physical discomfort. In severe cases, dermatitis can significantly affect mental health, social interactions, and the overall quality of life. This study reports the burden of dermatitis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019, according to sex, age category, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

The demographic, laboratory and genetic factors associated with long Covid-19 syndrome: a case-control study.

Long Covid-19 syndrome (LCS) manifests with a wide range of clinical symptoms, yet the factors associated with LCS remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate the relationships that demographic characteristics, clinical history, laboratory indicators, and the frequency of HLA-I alleles have with the likelihood of developing LCS. We extracted the demographic characteristics and clinical histories from the medical records of 88 LCS cases (LCS group) and 96 individuals without LCS (LCS group).

The burden of testicular cancer from 1990 to 2019 in the Middle East and North Africa region.

Background: The incidence rate of testicular cancer has risen in many countries during recent decades. This study aimed to outline the impact of testicular cancer on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019, examining its burden by age group and according to the socio-demographic index (SDI).

Methods: Data on the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to testicular cancer were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

The burden of neck pain among adults aged 70 years and older in Iran, 1990-2019.

Background: Neck pain is a complex musculoskeletal disorder that can result in substantial morbidity. The present article presents the neck pain burden in Iranians who were at least 70 years old, from 1990 to 2019, by sex, age group, and province.

Methods: Publicly available information on the prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLD) caused by neck pain was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

The burden of neck pain in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.

Background: Neck pain is a common cause of disability across the world. The objective of the present study was to present a thorough investigation of the burden caused by neck pain in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, by country, sex, age group and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Methods: The data on the burden of neck pain, encompassing its prevalence, incidence and years lived with disability (YLDs), were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study.

Trust in relationships: a preliminary investigation of the influence of parental divorce, breakup experiences, adult attachment style, and close relationship beliefs on dyadic trust.

Introduction: Trust is essential for establishing stable and fulfilling romantic relationships between partners. Development of trust, however, can be assumed to depend on many factors related to an individual's earlier experiences and relationship-related beliefs. This study aimed to investigate how adult attachment style (anxious, avoidant), experiences about parents' divorce and breakdown of one's own romantic relationship, and relationship beliefs are related to the level of dyadic trust in romantic relationships.

Burden of diseases attributable to excess body weight in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.

High body mass index (BMI), or excess body weight (EBW), represents a significant risk factor for a range of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. The study sought to determine the burden of diseases attributable to EBW in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 and 2019. The analysis also included an exploration of this burden by age, sex, underlying cause, and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Obesity from a sign of being rich to a disease of the new age: A historical review.

Background And Objective: Obesity has historically been seen as a sign of wealth and social privilege, as can be inferred from studying the ancient works. We aimed to report the causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment among the authentic books of traditional Iranian medicine.

Methods: We searched the original versions of historical books and used a narrative approach to report the history of obesity.

The effects of olive oil consumption on cognitive performance: a systematic review.

Introduction: The Mediterranean diet is marked by the regular intake of olive oil, which may play a role in preventing and protecting against cognitive deterioration and dementia. The strength of these effects have been examined by several recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but their findings have not been consistent. In light of this inconsistency, the present study performed a systematic review to examine the relationship between the consumption of olive oil and cognition.

The burden of rheumatic heart disease in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990-2019.

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a treatable and preventable condition resulting from acute rheumatic fever.

Aim: To report the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) due to RHD in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 1990 to 2019, by sex, age group, country and sociodemographic index (SDI).

Methods: Information on the prevalence, mortality and DALY associated with RHD were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Electroencephalographic findings post-COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review of case reports and case series.

A number of different neurological complications have been reported following vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the modalities used to evaluate the neurological complications of diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify the EEG changes in participants vaccinated against COVID-19.