Design and synthesis of inhaled p38 inhibitors for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

This paper describes the identification and optimization of a novel series of DFG-out binding p38 inhibitors as inhaled agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Structure based drug design and "inhalation by design" principles have been applied to the optimization of the lead series exemplied by compound 1a. Analogues have been designed to be potent and selective for p38, with an emphasis on slow enzyme dissociation kinetics to deliver prolonged lung p38 inhibition.

Solid phase approaches to N-heterocycles using a sulfur linker cleaved by SmI2.

A sulfur HASC (alpha-hetero-atom substituted carbonyl) linker has been utilized in solid-phase approaches to oxindoles and tetrahydroquinolones. The route to oxindoles employs the first Pummerer cyclizations on solid phase, whereas the route to tetrahydroquinolones involves a microwave-assisted Heck reaction followed by a Michael cyclization. In both cases, the linker is cleaved in a traceless fashion by electron transfer from samarium(II) iodide.

Solid-phase approach to tetrahydroquinolones using a sulfur linker cleaved by SmI2.

[reaction: see text] A sulfur alpha-heteroatom-substituted carbonyl (HASC) linker has been utilized in a solid-phase approach to tetrahydroquinolones. The route illustrates the compatibility of the linker system with palladium-catalyzed transformations and its utility for library synthesis. The linker is cleaved by electron transfer from samarium(II) iodide.