Reactive Vapor-Phase Inhibitors for Area-Selective Depositions at Tunable Critical Dimensions.

Area-selective depositions (ASD) take advantage of the chemical contrast between material surfaces in device fabrication, where a film can be selectively grown by chemical vapor deposition on metal versus a dielectric, for instance, and can provide a path to nontraditional device architectures as well as the potential to improve existing device fabrication schemes. While ASD can be accessed through a variety of methods, the incorporation of reactive moieties in inhibitors presents several advantages, such as increasing thermal stability and limiting precursor diffusion into the blocking layer. Alkyne-terminated small molecule inhibitors (SMIs)─propargyl, dipropargyl, and tripropargylamine─were evaluated as metal-selective inhibitors.

Comparison of Outcomes Following Glaucoma Drainage Tube Surgery Between Primary and Secondary Glaucomas, and Between Phakic and Pseudophakic eyes.

Purpose: To report outcomes of glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery based on primary or secondary glaucoma diagnosis and lens status.

Design: Single-center, retrospective, consecutive cohort study.

Methods: University of Florida patients aged 18 to 93 years who underwent nonvalved GDD surgery between 1996 and 2015 with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were examined.

Bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis and persistent fetal vasculature associated with terminal 10q26 deletion.

Deletion of the 26q position on chromosome 10 results in a syndrome with well-documented systemic phenotypes. There are few reports of ophthalmic manifestations in terminal 10q26 deletion. We report a 4-week-old boy with terminal 10q26 deletion who had extensive ophthalmic abnormalities, including bilateral anterior segment dysgenesis and bilateral persistent fetal vasculature, with microphthalmia, microcornea, iris corectopia, congenital cataracts, and posterior embryotoxon.

Astrocytic IPRs: Beyond IPR2.

Astrocytes are sensitive to ongoing neuronal/network activities and, accordingly, regulate neuronal functions (synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, behavior, etc.) by the context-dependent release of several gliotransmitters (e.g.

NMDARs, Coincidence Detectors of Astrocytic and Neuronal Activities.

Synaptic plasticity is an extensively studied cellular correlate of learning and memory in which NMDARs play a starring role. One of the most interesting features of NMDARs is their ability to act as a co-incident detector. It is unique amongst neurotransmitter receptors in this respect.

Comparison of Outcomes of Glaucoma Drainage Implant Surgery With or Without Prior Failed Trabeculectomy.

Precis: A comparison of 186 glaucoma patients with mixed diagnoses who underwent nonvalved glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implant surgery showed similar long-term intraocular pressure (IOP), medication, and visual acuity (VA) outcomes between those with prior failed trabeculectomy surgery versus those without.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether prior failed trabeculectomy adversely affects the outcome of glaucoma tube surgery.

Patients And Methods: A total of 186 eyes of 186 patients who underwent a nonvalved GDD implant surgery by a single surgeon between 1996 and 2015 at a University practice were included.

A new, minimally invasive procedure for dogs with encapsulated Ahmed drainage implants and elevated intraocular pressures: A case series.

Objective: To describe a novel, minimally invasive method for re-establishing aqueous humor outflow in dogs with refractory glaucoma after fibrous encapsulation of their Ahmed drainage implants.

Procedure: Three dogs (4 eyes) underwent trans-capsular implantation of an Alcon EX-PRESS glaucoma filtration device under sedation (2 dogs) or general anesthesia (1 dog). After rotating the eye downwards, a 2 mm incision was made in the conjunctiva/Tenon's capsule overlying the encapsulated Ahmed plate, and later closed with absorbable suture.

Attaining Intraocular Pressure of ≤10 mm Hg: Comparison of Tube and Trabeculectomy Surgery in Pseudophakic Primary Glaucoma Eyes.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether trabeculectomy with antimetabolites or glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery is more likely to achieve an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤10 mm Hg.

Design: Retrospective, nonrandomized, cohort study of pseudophakic, primary glaucoma patients.

Methods: 53 pseudophakic patients underwent trabeculectomy and 65 received GDD at the University of Florida by one surgeon between 1993 and 2015.

Modulating Ocular Scarring in Glaucoma Filtration Surgery Using the Epigenetic Adjunct Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) with a broad spectrum epigenetic activity, in improving filtration bleb survival as an adjunct therapy to glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in the rabbit model.

Materials And Methods: Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits underwent GFS in the left eye and were randomized to receive either a subconjunctival (SC) injection of 0.1 mL SAHA (9.

The impact of conjunctival flap method and drainage cannula diameter on bleb survival in the rabbit model.

Purpose: To examine the effect of cannula diameter and conjunctival flap method on bleb survival in rabbits undergoing cannula-based glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS).

Methods: Twelve New Zealand White rabbits underwent GFS in both eyes. The twenty-four eyes were divided into four groups.

Astroglial CB Receptors Determine Synaptic D-Serine Availability to Enable Recognition Memory.

Bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes shapes synaptic plasticity and behavior. D-serine is a necessary co-agonist of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), but the physiological factors regulating its impact on memory processes are scantly known. We show that astroglial CB receptors are key determinants of object recognition memory by determining the availability of D-serine at hippocampal synapses.

Intracellular rupture, exocytosis and actin interaction of endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells: initiating events in acute pancreatitis.

Key Points: Giant trypsin-containing endocytic vacuoles are formed in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with inducers of acute pancreatitis. F-actin envelops endocytic vacuoles and regulates their properties. Endocytic vacuoles can rupture and release their content into the cytosol of acinar cells.

Hyperconnected molecular glass network architectures with exceptional elastic properties.

Hyperconnected network architectures can endow nanomaterials with remarkable mechanical properties that are fundamentally controlled by designing connectivity into the intrinsic molecular structure. For hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, here we show that by using 1,3,5 silyl benzene precursors, the connectivity of a silicon atom within the network extends beyond its chemical coordination number, resulting in a hyperconnected network with exceptional elastic stiffness, higher than that of fully dense silica. The exceptional intrinsic stiffness of these hyperconnected glass networks is demonstrated with molecular dynamics models and these model predictions are calibrated through the synthesis and characterization of an intrinsically porous hybrid glass processed from 1,3,5(triethoxysilyl)benzene.

Comparing glaucomatous disc change using stereo disc viewing and the MatchedFlicker programme in glaucoma experts and trainees.

Background/aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and speed of trainees and experienced glaucoma specialists using the MatchedFlicker software against the manual examination of stereoscopic disc photographs for detecting glaucomatous optic disc change.

Methods: Three experienced glaucoma specialists, two resident ophthalmologists and one glaucoma fellow from multiple institutions independently evaluated the same 140 image pairs from 100 glaucomatous/ocular hypertensive eyes using a handheld stereo viewer and the MatchedFlicker programme. Fifty had progression to glaucoma as determined by the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) Optic Disc Reading Group and endpoint committee, and 50 more were negative controls for progression with photos taken a few minutes apart.

Retrospective Comparison of Intermediate-term Efficacy of 350 mm Glaucoma Drainage Implants and Medium-sized 230-250 mm Implants.

Aim: To compare the intermediate-term efficacy of a large surface area Baerveldt 350 mm glaucoma drainage device (GDD) with medium surface area implants (Baerveldt 250 mm and Molteno 3, 230, or 245 mm).

Design: This is a retrospective, nonrandomized comparative trial.

Materials And Methods: A total of 94 eyes of 94 patients of mixed glaucoma diagnoses without any prior glaucoma surgical procedures and who had undergone a glaucoma drainage implant surgery with either a large Baerveldt 350 mm GDD or a medium-sized GDD (Baerveldt 250 mm or Molteno 230 or 245 mm) were reviewed for intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and visual acuity (VA) preoperatively, and at 1, 2, and 3 years postprocedure.

Relationship between Glaucoma Drainage Device Size and Intraocular Pressure Control: Does Size Matter?

Unlabelled: There is ambiguity in the literature regarding whether a larger glaucoma drainage device (GDD) achieves a lower long-term intraocular pressure (IOP). There is some evidence on both sides, but overall there seems to be an optimal surface area of approximately 200-250 mm beyond which there may be little advantage to increasing the plate size for most patients.

How To Cite This Article: Rodgers CD, Meyer AM, Sherwood MB.

Astrocytic IP Rs: Contribution to Ca signalling and hippocampal LTP.

Astrocytes regulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity by the Ca dependent release of the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) co-agonist d-serine. Previous evidence indicated that d-serine release would be regulated by the intracellular Ca release channel IP receptor (IP R), however, genetic deletion of IP R2, the putative astrocytic IP R subtype, had no impact on synaptic plasticity or transmission. Although IP R2 is widely believed to be the only functional IP R in astrocytes, three IP R subtypes (1, 2, and 3) have been identified in vertebrates.

Porosity of Bleb Capsule declines rapidly with Fluid Challenge.

Introduction: The porosity of the fibrous capsule around a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) may be the most important functional attribute. The factors that determine capsular porosity are not well understood. Failed GDD surgeries are usually associated with thick impervious capsules and components of aqueous have been implicated in this process.

Mid-term Clinical Results of CO2 Laser-assisted Sclerectomy Surgery (CLASS) for Open-Angle Glaucoma Treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CO2 Laser-assisted Sclerectomy Surgery (CLASS) in primary and pseudoexfoliative open-angle glaucoma.

Materials And Methods: Single-arm, open-label study included data from 9 medical centers located in 7 countries. Subjects underwent nonpenetrating CLASS procedure with a CO2 laser system (IOPtiMate).

Comparing Glaucomatous Disc Change Using Stereo Disc Viewing and the MatchedFlicker Software Program in Ophthalmologists-in-Training.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy and speed of using the computerized MatchedFlicker software program (EyeIC Inc, Narberth, Pennsylvania, USA) to evaluate glaucomatous optic disc change against the traditional gold standard of manually examining stereoscopic disc photographs.

Design: A prospective evaluation of diagnostic technology.

Methods: Two resident ophthalmologists and 1 glaucoma fellow at the University of Florida independently evaluated 140 image pairs from 100 glaucomatous/ocular hypertensive patient eyes using a handheld stereo viewer and the MatchedFlicker program.

Bidirectional Control of Synaptic GABAAR Clustering by Glutamate and Calcium.

GABAergic synaptic transmission regulates brain function by establishing the appropriate excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance in neural circuits. The structure and function of GABAergic synapses are sensitive to destabilization by impinging neurotransmitters. However, signaling mechanisms that promote the restorative homeostatic stabilization of GABAergic synapses remain unknown.

Sequential Therapy with Saratin, Bevacizumab and Ilomastat to Prolong Bleb Function following Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in a Rabbit Model.

To determine if sequential treatment with Bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal, VEGF antibody that blocks angiogenesis; Saratin, a 12 kD polypeptide with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic properties; and Ilomastat, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, prolongs bleb life following glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) in a rabbit model. Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits (eight rabbits per group) underwent GFS in the left eye. Group 1 received a perioperative injection of both Saratin and Bevacizumab, and later, subconjuctival injections of Ilomastat on days 8 and 15.

Both RyRs and TPCs are required for NAADP-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ release.

Intracellular Ca(2+) release is mostly mediated by inositol trisphosphate, but intracellular cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are important messengers in many systems. Whereas cADPR generally activates type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the NAADP-activated Ca(2+) release mechanism is less clear. Using knockouts and antibodies against RyRs and Two-Pore Channels (TPCs), we have compared their relative importance for NAADP-induced Ca(2+) release from two-photon permeabilized pancreatic acinar cells.

Failed glaucoma drainage implant: long-term outcomes of a second glaucoma drainage device versus cyclophotocoagulation.

Background/aims: To evaluate long-term efficacy of a second glaucoma drainage device (GDD) versus cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) after failure of primary drainage implant.

Methods: This is a non-randomised, retrospective cohort study. A chart review was conducted of patients who underwent GDD surgery between July 1986 and November 2012 requiring further glaucoma procedures for intraocular pressure (IOP) control.