The impact of intraocular pressure on optical coherence tomography angiography: A review of current evidence.

A scoping review of 45 peer-reviewed manuscripts involving intraocular pressure (IOP) change and concurrent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) assessments was performed to aggregate knowledge, summarize major findings, and identify gaps in literature and methodology relating to the effect of IOP change on OCTA. Articles were identified through PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Web of Science, and article reference lists. A total of 838 results were identified, and 45 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for detailed analysis.

An Ophthalmology Virtual Externship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Study.

 The evolution of medical school curricula, characterized by truncated preclinical periods and reduced emphasis on ophthalmology, presents formidable obstacles to early exposure for aspiring medical students. The constraints imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic further exacerbated the limitations on opportunities, compelling the implementation of innovative initiatives aimed at augmenting students' ophthalmology education through virtual means.  This article assesses the impact of an Ophthalmology Virtual Externship (OVE) on medical students' knowledge, interest, confidence, and seeking mentorship in ophthalmology.

Glaucoma Surgery Shifts Among Medicare Beneficiaries After 2022 Reimbursement Changes in the United States.

Prcis: This study revealed the best-estimated surgical procedural counts for 2021 and 2022 and suggests a direct influence of coding and reimbursement changes on surgical device selection.

Purpose: To analyze utilization rates of glaucoma surgeries and minimally invasive (microinvasive) glaucoma surgery among US Medicare beneficiaries between 2021 and 2022.

Design: Retrospective comparative analysis of 68,118 unique patients.

The Vision Detroit Project: Integrated Screening and Community Eye-Health Education Interventions Improve Eyecare Awareness.

Purpose: Poor eye-health knowledge and health literacy are pervasive, contributing to worse outcomes. This study aims to examine short- and long-term eye-health knowledge retention following eye-health education interventions in adults.

Methods: Vision Detroit was an outreach vision screening program that integrated a 5-Point Teaching Intervention (5PTI), at a Southwest Community Center (SW-CC) from 2015-2017.

Impact of Fellowship Training on Practice Patterns of Glaucoma Surgeons Treating Medicare fee-for-service Beneficiaries.

Purpose: Analyze practice patterns of glaucoma surgeons with and without fellowship training.

Materials And Methods: Physician-specific 2017 Medicare data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. Current Procedural Terminology codes identified procedures including iStent, tube shunts, trabeculectomy, complicated trabeculectomy, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, internal Xen Implant, external Xen or Express shunt, Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy, and Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy.

Consensual Ophthalmotonic Reaction Following Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty.

Aim: "Consensual ophthalmotonic reaction" refers to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in one eye, which is accompanied by a corresponding change in IOP in the contralateral eye. This study evaluates whether monocular administration of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) leads to a consensual ophthalmotonic reaction and how long this effect lasts.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients receiving SLT at Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, MI, from January 2015 to August 2016.

Comprehensive Analysis to Uncover Determinants of Patient Appointment Compliance in Ophthalmology at the Kresge Eye Institute, USA.

Introduction: Appointment compliance (AC) has a significant impact on patient care; however, determinants of AC in Ophthalmology and its subspecialties remains elusive.

Methods: We performed a five-year retrospective analysis across Kresge Eye Institute (KEI) and its affiliated Michigan locations. A total of 597,364 appointments across >13 subspecialties were included.

The Vision Detroit Project: Visual Burden, Barriers, and Access to Eye Care in an Urban Setting.

Purpose: Vision loss and blindness are among the top ten disabilities in the United States, yet access and utilization of eye care remains low. Vision Detroit aimed to address eye-care disparities via community-based screenings. By investigating burden of eye disease and barriers to eye-care utilization in an underserved urban community, we may direct efforts to improve access.

Three-year outcomes of trabeculectomy and Ahmed valve implant in patients with prior failed filtering surgeries.

Purpose: To compare three-year surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy versus Ahmed valves in patients with prior failed trabeculectomy.

Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective comparative study of one-hundred twenty adult patients with prior failed trabeculectomy who underwent a repeat trabeculectomy or Ahmed valve implant. Demographic and clinical data were collected up to 3 years on all study participants at the Kresge Eye Institute from 2004 to 2016.

Factors Associated with the Development of Posterior Capsule Opacification Requiring Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Capsulotomy.

Significance: Determining risk factors for posterior capsule opacification will allow for further interventions to reduce the risk of development and thus additional procedures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with development of clinically significant posterior capsule opacification requiring yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) capsulotomy.

Methods: Medical records of patients (≥18 years) who underwent cataract surgery between January 1, 2011, and March 31, 2014, at Kresge Eye Institute were reviewed.

Zika Virus Infects Trabecular Meshwork and Causes Trabeculitis and Glaucomatous Pathology in Mouse Eyes.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy leads to devastating fetal outcomes, including neurological (microcephaly) and ocular pathologies such as retinal lesions, optic nerve abnormalities, chorioretinal atrophy, and congenital glaucoma. Only clinical case reports have linked ZIKV infection to causing glaucoma, a major blinding eye disease. In the present study, we have investigated the role of ZIKV in glaucoma pathophysiology using and experimental models.

Factors Associated with Conjunctival Erosions after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of conjunctival erosions in a series of patients who underwent Ahmed valve implantation in a tertiary referral center and to study risk factors associated with the conjunctival erosions.

Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective case-control study of all patients who underwent Ahmed valve implantation between October 2006 and July 2016 at the Kresge Eye Institute in Detroit, Michigan. The series consisted of 306 eyes (277 patients) that underwent Ahmed valve implantation.

Effect of phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% injection on tamsulosin-associated intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the effect of phenylephrine 1.0%-ketorolac 0.3% injection (Omidria) on different components of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS).

Assessment of Neurotrophins and Inflammatory Mediators in Vitreous of Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: To assess vitreous levels of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins (NTs) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and elucidate their potential roles.

Methods: A prospective study was performed on 50 vitreous samples obtained from patients with DR (n = 22) and the nondiabetic controls (n = 28). All patients were candidates for vitrectomy.

The effect of electronic health record software design on resident documentation and compliance with evidence-based medicine.

This study aimed to determine the role of electronic health record software in resident education by evaluating documentation of 30 elements extracted from the American Academy of Ophthalmology Dry Eye Syndrome Preferred Practice Pattern. The Kresge Eye Institute transitioned to using electronic health record software in June 2013. We evaluated the charts of 331 patients examined in the resident ophthalmology clinic between September 1, 2011, and March 31, 2014, for an initial evaluation for dry eye syndrome.

The Impact of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act on the Field of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) on the field of ophthalmology.

Design: A perspective on the effects of MACRA's Quality Payment Program after analysis of the proposed rule, final rule, and commentary submitted by relevant stakeholders.

Results: Physicians will need to use 1 of 2 payment structures: Merit-Based Incentive Payment Systems (MIPS) or Alternative Payment Models (APMs).

Zika virus infects cells lining the blood-retinal barrier and causes chorioretinal atrophy in mouse eyes.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an important pathogen that causes not only neurologic, but also ocular, abnormalities. Thus, it is imperative that models to study ZIKV pathogenesis in the eye are developed to identify potential targets for interventions. Here, we studied ZIKV interactions with human retinal cells and evaluated ZIKV's pathobiology in mouse eyes.

Resident Compliance With the American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Patterns for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect.

Purpose: To study resident compliance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Patterns (PPPs) for primary open-angle glaucoma suspect (POAGS) in a resident ophthalmology clinic.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred charts were selected for analysis of adult patients with the International Classification of Diseases diagnosis code for POAGS during their initial visit between November 2, 2010 and May 6, 2014 at the Kresge Eye Institute resident clinic. Electronic medical records of clinic visits for POAGS patients were evaluated for documentation and compliance with 17 elements of AAO PPPs.

Functional health literacy in patients with glaucoma in urban settings.

Objective: To assess the relationship between health literacy and compliance, disease awareness, and disease progression in patients with glaucoma.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study of 204 English-speaking patients treated for glaucoma for at least 1 year at Kresge Eye Institute was conducted. Health literacy was assessed using the standardized Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA).

The effect of the timing of scleral flap suture release on the safety and long-term success of phacotrabeculectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the timing of the scleral flap suture release on the safety and long-term success of phacotrabeculectomy.

Design: Retrospective, nonrandomized chart review.

Methods: We studied 173 eyes of 173 consecutive patients who underwent primary phacotrabeculectomy, with or without intraoperative mitomycin-C, and subsequent scleral flap suture release.

Comparison of long-term outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty versus argon laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the long-term success rate of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) versus argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Participants: One hundred ninety-five eyes of 195 patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma (OAG), of which 154 eyes underwent ALT and 41 eyes underwent SLT and were followed up for a maximum of 5 years.

Automated perimetry: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Objective: The purpose of this document is to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of new automated perimetry tests and algorithms in diagnosing glaucoma and detecting disease progression.

Methods: A literature search on automated perimetry retrieved over 300 citations from 1994 to 2001, of which 71 were selected as relevant to this assessment. The quality of the evidence obtained from these studies was assessed by the methodologist.

Ocular manifestations of injection drug use.

Injection drug use can result in a variety of severe ocular conditions. Hematogenous dissemination of various fungi and bacteria may produce endophthalmitis with resultant severe visual loss. Retinal arterial occlusive disease may result from talc and other particulate emboli.