A Financial Literacy Pilot Project: Are Matriculating DPT Students Prepared to Manage Their Debt?

Background: Student debt has become a significant problem for the profession of physical therapy. Higher debt levels can impact mental health and professional and personal decisions. The American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has recommended improving physical therapy students' financial literacy.

Changes in Running Kinematics and Kinetics Following a 10 km Run.

Background: Little is known about changes in kinetics or kinematics following a 10 km training run. This information has implications on risk of running-related injury.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10 km run on running kinematics and kinetics in a sample of experienced runners.

Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Analysis of Running Kinematics and Actual Versus Predicted Running Kinetics.

Background: Providing clinicians with an accurate method to predict kinetic measurements using 2D kinematic motion analysis is crucial to the management of distance runners. Evidence is needed to compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D kinematic measurements as well as measured and estimated kinetic variables.

Purposes: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare 2D video analysis of running kinematics with gold standard 3D motion capture and, (2) to evaluate published equations which estimate running kinetics using 2D kinematic and spatiotemporal values and modify these equations based on study findings.

Analysis of Calcaneal Bone Mineral Density (cBMD) in Healthy College Students.

Background: There is limited evidence describing the relationship between calcaneal bone mineral density (cBMD) and activity level, menstrual history, or the development of bone stress injury (BSI).

Hypothesis/purpose: The purposes of this study were to: 1) examine the influence of physical activity on cBMD in healthy college students (HCS), 2) determine if there is an association between cBMD, body mass index (BMI), sex, menstrual history, and history of BSI in HCS, and 3) compare the cBMD of HCS to cBMD data collected on intercollegiate athletes (ICA) from a previous study.

Study Design: Cross-sectional design.

Ultrasonographic Validation for Needle Placement in the Tibialis Posterior Muscle.

Background: The tibialis posterior (TP) muscle plays an important role in normal foot function. Safe, efficacious therapeutic approaches addressing this muscle are necessary; however, the location of the muscle in the deep posterior compartment can create challenges.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of needle placement in the TP muscle and determine the needle placement in relation to the neurovascular structures located within the deep compartment.

Differences in Lower Extremity Kinematics Between High School Cross-Country and Young Adult Recreational Runners.

Background: While previous research has assessed running kinematics for age-related differences that could increase the risk of a running-related injury, none of these studies have included high school aged runners or assessed running kinematics using 2-dimensional video analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare sagittal plane kinematics during treadmill running in high school cross-country and young adult recreational runners using 2-dimensional motion analysis techniques.

Methods: Twenty-five high school cross-country runners (13 women, 12 men) and 25 young adult recreational runners (12 women, 13 men) consented to participate in this study.

USE OF 2-DIMENSIONAL SAGITTAL KINEMATIC VARIABLES TO ESTIMATE GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING RUNNING.

Background: Variations in vertical loading rates have been associated with overuse injuries of the lower extremity; however, they are typically collected using 3-dimensional motion capture systems and in-ground force plates not available to most clinicians because of cost and space constraints.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if kinetic measures commonly used to describe lower extremity loading characteristics could be estimated from step rate and specific sagittal plane kinematic variables captured using 2-dimensional motion analysis during treadmill running.

Study Design: Observational Study.

RELIABILITY OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL VIDEO-BASED RUNNING GAIT ANALYSIS.

Background: While two-dimensional (2D) video running analysis is commonly performed in the clinical setting, the reliability of quantitative measurements as well as effect of clinical experience has not been studied.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of six different raters using 2D video analysis of sagittal and frontal plane kinematic variables while running on a treadmill.

Study Design: Cross-sectional Study.

CURRENT CONCEPTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY.

Unlabelled: Patellar tendon pain is a significant problem in athletes who participate in jumping and running sports and can interfere with athletic participation. This clinical commentary reviews patellar tendon anatomy and histopathology, the language used to describe patellar tendon pathology, risk factors for patellar tendinopathy and common interventions used to address patellar tendon pain. Evidence is presented to guide clinicians in their decision-making regarding the treatment of athletes with patellar tendon pain.

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Risk Factors.

Context: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common condition in active individuals and presents as diffuse pain along the posteromedial border of the tibia.

Objective: To use cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies to identify significant MTSS risk factors.

Data Sources: Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, PEDRo), grey literature, electronic search of full text of journals, manual review of reference lists, and automatically executed PubMed MTSS searches were utilized.

Lower extremity overuse bone injury risk factors in collegiate athletes: a pilot study.

Background And Purpose: There is limited evidence regarding risk factors for lower extremity overuse bone injury (LEOBI) in collegiate athletes. The purposes of the study were to: 1) determine incidence of LEOBI in selected sports and its impact on athletic participation and ADL, 2) assess risk relationships between LEOBI and selected risk factors, and 3) establish the viability of using calcaneal densitometry as a screening tool to identify risk for LEOBI.

Study Design: Prospective analytical cohort design.

Competency revalidation study of specialty practice in sports physical therapy.

Background And Purpose: Every ten years the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties conducts a practice analysis to revalidate and revise the description of specialty practice for sports physical therapy (SPT). The primary purpose of this paper is to describe the process and results of the most recent analysis, which defines the competencies that distinguish the subspecialty practice of (SPT). Additionally, the study allowed for the comparison of responses of board certified specialists in SPT to respondents who were not specialists while reflecting on demographic changes and evolving trends since the previous analysis of this physical therapy specialty practice was conducted 10 years ago.

A survey of exercise-related leg pain in community runners.

Purpose/background: Exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) is a common problem in runners. The purposes of this study were to 1) report ERLP occurrence among adult community runners; 2) determine ERLP impact on daily activities; and 3) determine if there is a relationship between ERLP occurrence and selected potential risk factors including sex, age, years of running, ERLP history, body mass index (BMI), orthotic use, menstrual function, and training variables.

Methods: Community runners registered for a local race were invited to complete a questionnaire including demographics and potential risk factors.

The effect of foot orthotic use on exercise related leg pain in cross country athletes.

Objectives: The purposes of this research were to (1) investigate the effect of foot orthotic use on exercise related leg pain (ERLP) in cross-country (XC) athletes, and (2) determine if an association between foot type and foot orthotic use exists.

Design: Prospective cohort design.

Setting: High schools and colleges in a Midwestern metropolitan region.

The relationship between isotonic plantar flexor endurance, navicular drop, and exercise-related leg pain in a cohort of collegiate cross-country runners.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between isotonic ankle plantar flexor endurance (PFE), foot pronation as measured by navicular drop, and exercise-related leg pain (ERLP).

Background: Exercise-related leg pain is a common occurrence in competitive and recreational runners. The identification of factors contributing to the development of ERLP may help guide methods for the prevention and management of overuse injuries.

Tendinopathy in athletes.

Overuse related tendon pain is a significant problem in sport and can interfere with and, in some instances, end an athletic career. This article includes a consideration of the biology of tendon pain including a review of tendon anatomy and histopathology, risk factors for tendon pain, semantics of tendon pathology, and the pathogenesis of tendon pain. Evidence is presented to guide the physical therapist in clinical decision-making regarding the examination of and intervention strategies for athletes with tendon pain.

Foot orthoses in lower limb overuse conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis--critical appraisal and commentary.

Reference/citation: Collins N, Bisset L, McPoil T, Vicenzino B. Foot orthoses in lower limb overuse conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Foot Ankle Int.

Menstrual function in female high school cross-country athletes.

Unlabelled: Menstrual function in adolescent athletes has received limited investigation.

Objective: In a sample of female high school cross-country (XC) athletes, the purposes of the investigation were to (1) describe menstrual function (history and inseason), (2) describe the relationship between menstrual function and variables including body mass index (BMI), high school year, current year of running, total years running, training distance, racing pace, additional organized sport participation other than XC, and participation in XC practices and races, (3) determine the relationship between menstrual function and self-reported interfering exercise related leg pain (ERLP), and (4) determine the relationship between menstrual function history and menstrual function during a XC season.

Study Group: 62 female high school XC athletes.

Risk factors for self-reported exercise-related leg pain in high school cross-country athletes.

Context: Prevention of exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) has not been successful because ERLP risk factors are not well known.

Objective: To determine the percentage of high school cross-country (XC) athletes who reported a history of ERLP in their running careers, to identify the percentage of athletes who reported an occurrence of ERLP during 1 XC season, and to investigate the association of selected factors (age, high school year, years of high school running, sex, ERLP history, body mass index [BMI], foot type, and training distance) and the occurrence of ERLP.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Competency revalidation study of specialty practice in sports physical therapy.

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to revalidate the competencies that define the practice of sports physical therapy. Additionally, the study allowed for the comparison of responses of board certified specialists in sports physical therapy to respondents who were not specialists.

Methods: A survey instrument based the on American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties practice analysis template and The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice was developed by the Sports Specialty Council and a panel of subject matter experts in sports physical therapy.

Prospective evaluation of physiologic uptake detected with true whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT in healthy subjects.

Unlabelled: PET is a molecular imaging modality used to assess metabolic activity. Little is known about the physiologic uptake of radiopharmaceuticals such as (18)F-FDG in healthy subjects. This study was designed to identify and describe normal patterns of physiologic uptake of (18)F-FDG in healthy adult subjects and to examine the influence of low-level muscle activity during the (18)F-FDG uptake phase.

A primer on web surveys.

With the advancement of computers and access to the Internet, surveys using the web are becoming increasingly popular. Such surveys save money by eliminating postage costs and save time by providing immediate access to returned surveys and improved data processing. This primer describes some considerations and suggestions related to the use of web surveys.

Exercise-related leg pain in collegiate cross-country athletes: extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors.

Study Design: Prospective cohort design.

Objectives: To determine in a sample of collegiate cross-country athletes (1) the percentage of athletes with history of exercise-related leg pain (ERLP) associated with running, (2) the incidence of ERLP during 1 season, (3) if factors including years of collegiate running, training distance, and gender are associated with ERLP, and (4) if there is a relationship between foot type and ERLP.

Background: ERLP is a common overuse pain syndrome, but little evidence exists regarding the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors.

Exercise Related Leg Pain (ERLP): a Review of The Literature.

Exercise related leg pain (ERLP) is a regional pain syndrome described as pain between the knee and ankle which occurs with exercise. Indiscriminant use of terminology such as "shin splints" has resulted in ongoing confusion regarding the pathoanatomic entities associated with this pain syndrome. Each of the pathoanatomic entities - medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, tibial and fibular stress fractures, tendinopathy, nerve entrapment, and vascular pathology - which manifest as ERLP are each described in terms of relevant anatomy, epidemiology, clinical presentation, associated pathomechanics, and intervention strategies.

Exercise-related leg pain in female collegiate athletes: the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Background: Exercise-related leg pain is a common complaint among athletes, but there is little evidence regarding risk factors for this condition in female collegiate athletes.

Purpose: To examine prospectively the effect of selected extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the development of exercise-related leg pain in female collegiate athletes.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.