The benefits of mindfulness training for momentary mindfulness and emotion regulation: A randomized controlled trial for adolescents exposed to chronic stressors.

Objective: The goal of this study was to test if a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) compared to an active control ameliorates the impacts of life stressors on momentary mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents exposed to chronic stressors.

Method: Adolescents exposed to chronic stressors (N = 81, Mage = 13.75 years; 56% boys; 24% Hispanic/Latino, 57% White) were randomized to receive MBI within the context of a community-based mentoring program (MBI + mentoring) or mentoring-alone.

Parotidectomy Trends Toward Outpatient for Benign Disease.

Objective: We evaluate the safety of outpatient parotidectomy. We evaluate factors that lead to planned admission and compare costs. We evaluate trends toward outpatient, and the outcomes of switching admission status, total versus superficial approach, and ambulatory versus hospital site.

Personality and social determinants of health predict adolescent comfort and honesty reporting sports-related concussion symptoms.

Proper diagnosis is essential in mitigating risk associated with sports-related concussion (SRC); however, 50% of SRCs remain undiagnosed due to unreported symptoms. The current study aimed to identify the clinically-relevant, attainable personality and social determinants of health variables that are associated with honesty and comfortability reporting symptoms in 317 adolescents ( = 17.8, SD = 0.

Hypothyroidism Predicts Fistula Development Following Salvage Oropharyngectomy.

Importance: Previous work demonstrated postoperative hypothyroidism adversely affects wound healing in salvage laryngectomy. Currently, no studies have evaluated the association between wound healing and hypothyroidism in patients undergoing salvage oropharyngectomy.

Objective: The primary objective was studying hypothyroidism and other factors associated with oropharyngocutaneous fistula development and fistula requiring reoperation within 30 days after salvage oropharyngectomy.

Patterns of Simultaneous and non-Simultaneous Use of Cannabis and Alcohol Among American Indian Adolescents.

Background: American Indian (AI) adolescents report earlier initiation and higher rates of cannabis and alcohol use compared to their non-AI peers. Simultaneous cannabis and alcohol (SCA) use is increasingly common. A primary goal of our research was to identify profiles of cannabis and alcohol use, including SCA use, among AI adolescents using latent class analysis (LCA).

Frequency is not enough: Characterizing heterogenous patterns of cannabis use intensity among reservation-area American Indian youth.

Background: Reservation-area American Indian (AI) youth use cannabis at significantly higher rates than their national counterparts. This discrepancy is concerning, as cannabis use-particularly heavy use-can negatively impact adolescents' health. Studies primarily use frequency to classify cannabis use intensity; however, frequency alone may not fully capture heterogenous patterns of use.

Patient-Initiated Communication After Parotidectomy.

Objectives: We sought to study the incidence of patient-initiated communication after parotidectomy, identify patient and surgical factors associated with patient-initiated communication, and evaluate trends and possible areas for improvement.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent parotidectomy without combined procedures from 2018 to 2022 in a single tertiary-care institution was performed. We reviewed all patient communications documented within the electronic medical record within 30 days of discharge.

Differences in alcohol-related variables between individuals who engage in food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) behaviors and those who only use alcohol: The role of FAD motives.

Objective: Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is the use of any compensatory behavior (e.g., skipping meals) within the context of a drinking episode.

Bi-Directional and Time-Lagged Associations between Engagement and Mental Health Symptoms in a Group Mindfulness-Based Mental Health Intervention.

There is a high need for accessible avenues for improving mental health among emerging adults, particularly on college campuses. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is a promising avenue for reducing mental health symptoms, but initial discomforts associated with MBI may cause symptoms to fluctuate before decreasing, which presents a barrier to engagement with mindfulness on a daily basis. Consistent mindfulness practice is key for forming habits related to MBI, and engagement with mindfulness at home, including between intervention sessions, is an important predictor of mental health outcomes.

Identifying Three Psilocybin Use Patterns by Frequency and Quantity.

Objective: Patterns of psilocybin use in non-clinical settings are not well described in the literature. Psilocybin use can involve infrequent, large (i.e.

Utility of bioselection with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for organ preservation in patients with T4 laryngeal cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for induction selection of definitive treatment (IS) protocols have shown excellent outcomes for organ preservation and survival in patients with T3 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We seek to evaluate survival and organ preservation outcomes in T4 LSCC patients treated with IS protocols.

Methods: Retrospective cohort of advanced T3 and T4 LSCC patients who underwent IS protocols based upon potential for preserving a functional larynx.

Pharyngeal Mucosal Margin Vessel Counts Predict Pharyngocutaneous Fistula in Salvage Laryngectomy.

Objective: We evaluated vessel counts in the pharyngeal mucosal margins of patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy to establish whether mucosal vascularity might predict fistula risk.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Tertiary Medical Center.

Phase II Clinical Trial of Intravenous Levothyroxine to Mitigate Pharyngocutaneous Fistula in Euthyroid Patients Undergoing Salvage Laryngectomy.

Purpose: Patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery after prior radiation or chemoradiation are at high risk for wound complications. Hypothyroidism is a known risk factor for wound complications, especially fistulae after salvage total laryngectomy. The purpose of this phase II clinical trial is to investigate the effect of perioperative intravenous levothyroxine supplementation on wound complications in patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy.

Momentary effects of life stressors on mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties among adolescents exposed to chronic stressors.

Adolescents faced with chronic stressors (e.g., financial instability, interpersonal violence) are at heightened risk for developing mental health problems, likely due in part to stressors that interfere with effective emotion regulation.

Follow-up for human papillomavirus-related oropharynx cancer concentrated on unequal symptom change (FOCUS): Prospective patient-reported outcome collection.

Background: Post-treatment surveillance recommendations for oropharyngeal cancer do not vary with p16 status despite the differences in outcomes. The optimal algorithm personalizing follow-up for these patients remains undefined. Here, we evaluate the feasibility and utility of incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) into routine surveillance for patients treated for p16+ oropharynx cancer.

Family ties: examining family functioning and alcohol use among American Indian youth.

Purpose: This study aims to examine a second-order latent variable of family functioning built from two established protective factors for American Indian (AI) youth, i.e. family cohesion and parental monitoring.

Exploring perceptions of self-stigma of substance use and current alcohol and marijuana use patterns among college students.

Background: While research has examined the effect of stigma from others towards individuals with substance use disorders, few studies have examined the relationship between perceived self-stigma and engagement in substance use more broadly, especially among non-clinical samples.

Aims: The present study examined the relationships between perceptions of self-stigma if one were to develop a substance use disorder, consisting of negative self-esteem and negative self-efficacy, and alcohol or marijuana use behaviors and outcomes.

Method: Participants (n = 2,243; 71.

Development and Validation of the Positive Outcomes of Cannabis Use Scale (POCUS) Among Predominantly White Adults in the United States.

Operant conditioning and social learning theories suggest that positive cannabis use-related outcomes are a primary contributor to maintained use and risk for dependence. However, currently there does not exist a reliable, validated measure of positive cannabis-related outcomes. This study sought to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Positive Outcomes of Cannabis Use Scale (POCUS).

Investigation of gender-based needs in academic otolaryngology.

Objective: Gaps in gender-based equity persist in academic otolaryngology. Here we present a needs-based assessment of otolaryngology faculty and trainees regarding facilitators and barriers to professional satisfaction and career development in academic medicine.

Methods: A qualitative study of otolaryngology faculty, trainees, and administrators who identify as women at an academic tertiary care center was performed from 2020 to 2021 using focus groups and semi-structured interviews.

Order of Cannabis and Alcohol Use on Pregaming and Non-Pregaming Days Among College Students.

Objective: Pregaming is common among college students and is associated with heavy drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences. The use of cannabis on pregaming days may exacerbate negative alcohol-related consequences, and the ordering of when cannabis is used on these days may buffer against or intensify these consequences. Considering the growing rates of simultaneous use of cannabis and alcohol among college students, it is necessary to examine the role of pregaming behaviors in the context of cannabis use and its effects on alcohol-related consequences.

Upfront Neck Dissection for Treatment Selection and Improvement in Quality of Life as a Novel Treatment Paradigm for Deintensification in HPV+ OPSCC.

Purpose: Locoregionally advanced HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has excellent cure rates, although current treatment regimens are accompanied by acute and long-term toxicities. We designed a phase II deescalation trial for patients with HPV+ OPSCC to evaluate the feasibility of an upfront neck dissection to individualize definitive treatment selection to improve the quality of life without compromising survival.

Patients And Methods: Patients with T1-3, N0-2 HPV+ OPSCC underwent an upfront neck dissection with primary tumor biopsy.

ctDNA transiting into urine is ultrashort and facilitates noninvasive liquid biopsy of HPV+ oropharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUNDTransrenal cell-free tumor DNA (TR-ctDNA), which transits from the bloodstream into urine, has the potential to enable noninvasive cancer detection for a wide variety of nonurologic cancer types.MethodsUsing whole-genome sequencing, we discovered that urine TR-ctDNA fragments across multiple cancer types are predominantly ultrashort (<50 bp) and, therefore, likely to be missed by conventional ctDNA assays. We developed an ultrashort droplet digital PCR assay to detect TR-ctDNA originating from HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) and confirmed that assaying ultrashort DNA is critical for sensitive cancer detection from urine samples.

A cross-sectional examination of race, gender, and intersectionality on protective behavioral strategies and alcohol outcomes among Black and White college students.

College students consistently report problematic alcohol use (e.g., excessive drinking).