Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: A Narrative Review with Current Perspectives on Diagnostic Imaging and Management, Including Interventional Radiology Techniques.

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition thought to arise secondary to a combination of obstruction, recurrent bacterial infection and an incomplete immune response resulting in focal or diffuse renal destruction. This destruction may be profound with the potential to infiltrate surrounding tissues and viscera. The imaging features of XGP can be ambiguous, mimicking malignancy, tuberculosis (TB) and malakoplakia earning the title of "the great imitator".