Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists expert consensus statement for the treatment, management and monitoring of the physical health of people with an enduring psychotic illness.

Objective: To use expert consensus to inform the development of policy and guidelines for the treatment, management and monitoring of the physical health of people with an enduring psychotic illness.

Method: The Delphi method was used. A systematic search of websites, books and journal articles was conducted to develop a 416-item survey containing strategies that health professionals should use to treat, manage and monitor the physical health of people with an enduring psychotic illness.

Cross-national epidemiology of panic disorder and panic attacks in the world mental health surveys.

Context: The scarcity of cross-national reports and the changes in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version 5 (DSM-5) regarding panic disorder (PD) and panic attacks (PAs) call for new epidemiological data on PD and PAs and its subtypes in the general population.

Objective: To present representative data about the cross-national epidemiology of PD and PAs in accordance with DSM-5 definitions.

Design And Setting: Nationally representative cross-sectional surveys using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.

Age of Onset and Lifetime Projected Risk of Psychotic Experiences: Cross-National Data From the World Mental Health Survey.

Background: Given the early age of onset (AOO) of psychotic disorders, it has been assumed that psychotic experiences (PEs) would have a similar early AOO. The aims of this study were to describe (a) the AOO distribution of PEs, (b) the projected lifetime risk of PEs, and (c) the associations of PE AOO with selected PE features.

Methods: Data came from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys.

The Bidirectional Associations Between Psychotic Experiences and DSM-IV Mental Disorders.

Objective: While it is now recognized that psychotic experiences are associated with an increased risk of later mental disorders, we lack a detailed understanding of the reciprocal time-lagged relationships between first onsets of psychotic experiences and mental disorders. Using data from World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys, the authors assessed the bidirectional temporal associations between psychotic experiences and mental disorders.

Method: The WMH Surveys assessed lifetime prevalence and age at onset of psychotic experiences and 21 common DSM-IV mental disorders among 31,261 adult respondents from 18 countries.

Proportion of patients without mental disorders being treated in mental health services worldwide.

Background: Previous research suggests that many people receiving mental health treatment do not meet criteria for a mental disorder but are rather 'the worried well'.

Aims: To examine the association of past-year mental health treatment with DSM-IV disorders.

Method: The World Health Organization's World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys interviewed community samples of adults in 23 countries (n = 62 305) about DSM-IV disorders and treatment in the past 12 months for problems with emotions, alcohol or drugs.

Drop out from out-patient mental healthcare in the World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey initiative.

Background: Previous community surveys of the drop out from mental health treatment have been carried out only in the USA and Canada.

Aims: To explore mental health treatment drop out in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.

Method: Representative face-to-face household surveys were conducted among adults in 24 countries.

Early-life mental disorders and adult household income in the World Mental Health Surveys.

Background: Better information on the human capital costs of early-onset mental disorders could increase sensitivity of policy makers to the value of expanding initiatives for early detection and treatment. Data are presented on one important aspect of these costs: the associations of early-onset mental disorders with adult household income.

Methods: Data come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys in 11 high-income, five upper-middle income, and six low/lower-middle income countries.

Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode.

Background: Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet epidemiologic data are not available for many countries, particularly low- to middle-income countries. In this paper, we present data on the prevalence, impairment and demographic correlates of depression from 18 high and low- to middle-income countries in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.

Methods: Major depressive episodes (MDE) as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DMS-IV) were evaluated in face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys.

Background: Burden-of-illness data, which are often used in setting healthcare policy-spending priorities, are unavailable for mental disorders in most countries.

Aims: To examine one central aspect of illness burden, the association of serious mental illness with earnings, in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys.

Method: The WMH Surveys were carried out in 10 high-income and 9 low- and middle-income countries.

Prevalence, impairment and severity of 12-month DSM-IV major depressive episodes in Te Rau Hinengaro: New Zealand Mental Health Survey 2003/4.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, symptom severity, functional impairment and treatment of major depressive episodes in the New Zealand population, in light of recent criticism that depression is 'over-diagnosed', especially in community surveys.

Method: Nationally representative cross-sectional household survey of 12 992 adults (aged 16+): The New Zealand Mental Health Survey 2003/4. 12-month major depressive episode measured in face-to-face interviews with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.

The role of criterion A2 in the DSM-IV diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder.

Background: Controversy exists about the utility of DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criterion A2 (A2): that exposure to a potentially traumatic experience (PTE; PTSD criterion A1) is accompanied by intense fear, helplessness, or horror.

Methods: Lifetime DSM-IV PTSD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in community surveys of 52,826 respondents across 21 countries in the World Mental Health Surveys.

Results: Of 28,490 representative PTEs reported by respondents, 37.

Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative.

Data are reported on the background and performance of the K6 screening scale for serious mental illness (SMI) in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. The K6 is a six-item scale developed to provide a brief valid screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV) SMI based on the criteria in the US ADAMHA Reorganization Act. Although methodological studies have documented good K6 validity in a number of countries, optimal scoring rules have never been proposed.

Barriers and facilitators to the utilization of adult mental health services by Australia's Indigenous people: seeking a way forward.

Mental disorders are the second leading cause of disease burden among Australia's Indigenous people after cardiovascular disease. Yet Indigenous people do not access mental health services in proportion to their need. This paper explores the barriers and facilitators for Indigenous people seeking mental health services in Australia and identifies key elements in the development and maintenance of partnerships for improved service delivery and future research.

Bipolar disorder with frequent mood episodes in the New Zealand Mental Health Survey.

Background: Rapid cycling bipolar disorder has been studied almost exclusively in clinical samples.

Methods: A national cross-sectional survey in 2003-2004 in New Zealand used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0).

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in Te Rau Hinengaro: the New Zealand Mental Health Survey.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare two versions of the Kessler 10-item scale (K10), as measures of population mental health status in New Zealand.

Method: A nationwide household survey of residents aged > or = 16 years was carried out between 2003 and 2004. The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.

Depressive disorders among adolescents managed in a child and adolescent mental health service.

Objective: The aims were to describe the prevalence and treatment of depressive disorders among case-managed adolescents attending a regional Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS).

Method: An observational study was conducted in a regional CAMHS over a 3-month period. Clinicians recorded treatment of their case-managed adolescents aged 12-18 years at the end of each calendar month.

Subtyping social anxiety disorder in developed and developing countries.

Background: Although social anxiety disorder (SAD) is classified in the fourth edition of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) into generalized and non-generalized subtypes, community surveys in Western countries find no evidence of disjunctions in the dose-response relationship between number of social fears and outcomes to support this distinction. We aimed to determine whether this holds across a broader set of developed and developing countries, and whether subtyping according to number of performance versus interactional fears would be more useful.

Methods: The World Health Organization's World Mental Health Survey Initiative undertook population epidemiological surveys in 11 developing and 9 developed countries, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess DSM-IV disorders.

Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative.

Background: Although depression appears to decrease in late life, this could be due to misattribution of depressive symptoms to physical disorders that increase in late life.

Methods: We investigated this issue by studying age differences in co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes (MDE) with chronic physical conditions in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of community epidemiological surveys of respondents in 10 developed countries (n=52,485) and 8 developing countries (n=37,265). MDE and other mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).

2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: methods and key findings.

Objective: To provide a description of the methods and key findings of the 2007 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

Method: A national face-to-face household survey of 8841 (60% response rate) community residents aged between 16 and 85 years was carried out using the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses were made according to ICD-10.

Subjective well-being, sociodemographic factors, mental and physical health of rural residents.

Objective: To ascertain the relationship between subjective well-being and sociodemographic factors, mental and physical health of a sample of rural residents.

Design: Cross-sectional survey with stratified random sampling of persons based on the 2000 State Electoral Role. Questionnaire was forwarded to 23 000 residents throughout a rural area.

Usefulness of the construct of social network to explain mental health service utilization by the maori population in new zealand.

This article briefly reviews the literature on the relationship between social network and mental health, and presents a theoretical framework outlining the role social networks may play in explaining the differential mental health service utilization rates between Maori and European people of New Zealand. By buffering individuals from the ill effects of stressful events, social networks may have a protective effect on people's mental health. In addition, social networks influence the way people with mental illnesses use mental health services.

Common chronic pain conditions in developed and developing countries: gender and age differences and comorbidity with depression-anxiety disorders.

Unlabelled: Although there is a growing body of research concerning the prevalence and correlates of chronic pain conditions and their association with mental disorders, cross-national research on age and gender differences is limited. The present study reports the prevalence by age and gender of common chronic pain conditions (headache, back or neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, and other chronic pain) in 10 developed and 7 developing countries and their association with the spectrum of both depressive and anxiety disorders. It draws on data from 18 general adult population surveys using a common survey questionnaire (N = 42,249).

The use of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale in an outreach rehabilitation program.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the use of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) in an outreach-based rehabilitation program in regional Victoria, Australia.

Method: Routine outcome measures (ROM), including the HoNOS, were introduced in the Stepping Stones Recovery Program (SSRP) in 2002. HoNOS data routinely collected for 122 patients between 2003 and 2006 was examined for sensitivity in capturing clinical changes by using paired t-tests.